INTERNATIONAL FALLS PRESS, JANUARY 23 1918 'i PAGE SEVEN They may. January 14 in San Francisco UNITED STATES WILL NOW TRY -1912, Eugene W. Chafin, Arizona, U. S. LEO HOVE a court order was secured temporarily and Aaron S. Watklns, Ohio, 208,923 restraining Gov. William D. votes. Stephens from siji ing the ratification EXPERIMENT OF PROHIBITION A CENTURY AGO 1916, J. Frank Hanley, Indiana, and of the amendment. It was indicated FOR TEMPERANCE Dr. Ira Landrith, Tennessee, 214,340 that similar action might be taken in r*« Jr. A votes. certain other states. It' was said at The National Prohibition party, the office of the California Grape curiously enough, has been rather opposed Growers' association that such action National Prohibition Party Organized tonishjng Action of an Individualistic People With a Strong Sense to prohibition by constitutional is possible in 12 other states. The Many Societies to Fight Alcohol amendment. In the. last Year book states, according to the association, in Chicago by 500 of Personal Liberty Is Brought About by Lessons of the Great Organized Early in Nation's H916) we read: are: Arkansas, Colorado, Maine, Nevada, Delegates. War—Additional Legislation Planned to Enforce New New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, 'Although the Prohibition party History. Utah, Washington. Missouri and Nebraska. may be said to be committed by platform Law—Will "Wets" Contest?—Ratification Details. declaration to the adoption of a EARLY STANDARD BEARERS In these states, it was said, all legislative national prohibition amendment, when WOMEN ACTIVE AS LEADERS actions can be, under the law, placed in power, the program of the referred to the people, and that in party has never contemplated agitation The United States of America has ident of the United States and president many of them the people have 60 days for a nonpartisan amendment to entered upon the tremendous social exii of the senate. Has Eighteenth Amendment Never in which to take a referendum. be enforced by administrations not favorable John B. Gough, Reformed Drunkard, perimentof national prohibition ol I certify that this Joint resolution Been Favored by Leaders Because to prohibition. The First Crusader to Win Fame Anti-Saloon League. the manufacture, sale and use of alcoholic originated In the senate. of Odds of 10 to 1 Against general opinion seems to favor admitting The dry side of this legal proposition by Success at Home and drinks. There will be abundant JAMES M. BAKER, secretary. Its Passage. the desirability of the amendment time to give the experiment a fair test is thus set fo.th by the Anti-Saloon Abroad. The amendment was passed by the as the end to be accomplished, at the since the prohibition is by constitutional league: The National Prohibition party senate on August 1, 1917, and passed same time emphasizing its impracticability amendment. To all appearances "Article of the federal Constitution When the movement which has now Just fifty years old, its semi-centennial by the house on December 17 of the as a method, and denying its this mandate by the American people provides that the legislature or brought about prohibition began in the falling on September 1, 1919. It was same year. It was passed by the seuate necessity as a condition precedent to against the use of alcohol is Intended a state convention is the only body United States it was called the "temperance born in Farwell hall, Chicago. The with the house amendments on securing national prohibition. to be absolute and final. We have which can ratify an amendment to the movement" and the phrase convention numbered about 500 persons December 18. The vote in the senate The odds are so overwhelmingly written It into organic law—into magna Constitution. Congress is given the 'temperance question" embraced all from 19 states. against the ratification of an amendment was 65 to 20 and in the house charta—in the form of the eighteenth power to say which one shall have the the problems in connection with the The formation of the party was 282 to 128. that they cannot possibly be amendment to the Constitution authority. Congress had chosen the use and abuse of alcoholic drink. Temperance, probably first discussed in public at overcome through any reasonable expenditure of the United States. Ratification by the States. state legislatures as the bodies to ratify of course, primarily means a Pennsylvania state temperance convention of time, money and effort so -j The experiment is a tremendous departure The next step was ratification of the federal prohibition amendment. moderation, while prohibition, as used in 1867. Temperance leaders long as the liquor traffic exists to fight from previous tendencies of A -state referendum therefore would this connection, means a form of this amendment by the states through for its life." had failed to get much consideration the American people. We are an individualistic be illegal and void." sumptuary legislation abolishing the their legislatures. This called for affirmative from the Republican and Democratic people, with a strong sense The National Prohibition party is manufacture and sale of alcoholic liquors. The Anti-SaJoon.,League of America action by thirty-six states parties and were feeling the need of certainly right about the apparent of personal liberty. Yet here we have In the early days "temperance" has probably had more to do with within seven years. Mississippi was independent action. The Good Tem- odds against the adoption by congress set out to regulate personal habit, not ""as loosely used sometimes It meant bringing about prohibition than any the first state to ratify, both senate of a constitutional amendment and by statute, but by constitutional moderation and sometimes total abstinence. other one agency. It was founded in and house taking action January 8, amendment. its ratification by the states. There Many of the first crusades were 1895 and is nonpartisan and nonsectarian. 1918. Three other Southern states have been 1,757 amendments to the l'l And the manner of the passing of against "spirits"—distilled liquors as Its purpose is the extermination followed in January—Virginia, Kentucky, Constitution proposed and 18 of them ,.^-thls constitutional amendment is quite distinguished from wines and beer. of the beverage liquor traffic. It South Carolina. Then came as remarkable as the amendment itself. have been passed. Herein lies the marvel Early temperance pledges were often is a coalition of the Anti-Saloon North Dakota. Other states followed Action on the seventeen previous of the ratification of the eighteenth framed to draw this distinction. However, League of the District of Columbia, in the. order named, Nebraska being amendments to the Constitution has amendment in about thirteen months. the word temperance as used in the Anti-Saloon League of Ohio and 45 the thirty-sixth and completing the taken between nine months and forty1 the titles and constitutions of reform It has been figured that the chances other national, state and local temperance ratification. three months, an average of about two organizations soon came to mean total bodies. It has branches in against the passing of an amendment years. The resolution providing for abstinence. Maryland. West Virginia. all states. It is expected to have an are 10 to 1. The case is put thus: this eighteenth amendment was passed Montana. California. active part in providing legislation for This temperance movement, which The chances against ratification are Texas. Washington. by congress December 17, 1917. On shows signs of bringing about prohibition the enforcement of prohibition under Delaware. Indiana. 2 to 1 in the house of representatives, January 16, 1919, its ratification by Arkansas. the eighteenth amendment. in many parts of the world, began South Dakota. and 2 to 1 in the senate, and, therefore the states is accomplished. Illinois. Massachusetts. in the United States. The temperance It is possible that the wets may also 4 to 1 in congress. That is: Arizona. North Carolina. pledge was In existence before What has brought about this ratification attack the legality of the action of Georgia. Kansas. Should the measure pass either house 1800. Possibly the first temperance so quickly? Obviously the National congress. By some the view is held Louisiana. Alabama. by unanimous vote, the one-third opposition Iowa. society was organized by the farmers Prohibition party has had practically Florida. that the amendment was not properly in the other house would Colorado. Michigan. of Litchfield county, Connecticut, in nothing to do with its accomplishment. submitted to the states by congress block it in congress as a whole in Ohio. Oregon. The answer evidently is 1779. In 1808 a society was formed In that it was adopted by two-thirds of a Oklahoma. New Hampshire. other words, the resolution must be Saratoga county, New York the 43 that the war has brought it about. Utah. quorum present and voting, whereas Idaho. supported on the two chances in each Nebraska. Tennessee. members were pledged not to drink according to the Constitution it should Prohibition is both an economic question house, while If the opposition scores Maine. rum, gin, whisky, wine or distilled have been adopted by two-thirds of ali and a moral question. The war on its one chance in either house, the members elected. If the resolution set the American people to looking at While the amendment under its provisions measure fails. The chances in the submitting the amendment were to prohibition from both viewpoints. We does not become effective until state legislatures are 6 to 1 against declared unconstitutional it would leac got accustomed to the thought that one year from the date of its ratification, the resolution hence, in the congress to much questioning, for virtually ai: grain was better eaten as food than it seems likely ttmt the coun and the legislatures combined the of the amendments to the Constitution swallowed as liquor, inasmuch as we try will become permanently dry July chances are 10 to 1 against passage. have been adopted by a two-thirds -^ere told that food would win the 1 next. This is the date on which the James Black. In other words, the measure might vote of the members present rather pass both houses of congress unani than a two-thirds vote of all members plars, an order of total abstainers organized mously, and be defeated as a whole by elected to congress. in 1851 at Utica, N. Y., were the one chance In the states. It might Amendments of the Past. also working to this end. pass either house of congress and all The first national prohibition The call for the Chicago convention of the legislatures unanimously, and "ONtANA |H DAKOTA amendment was proposed by Senator originated May 29, 1869, in the grand be defeated by the one chance in the H. W. Blair of New Hampshire as lodge of the Good Templars at Oswego, other house of congress. & OAKOTA early as 1876. It provided for the N. Y., which appointed a committee St. John Makes a Stir. prohibition of the manufacture, sale, to convene a national gathering to John P. St. John was the first Pro importation and exportation of spiritous organize a political party favorable to NEBRASKA ,OW* hibition party candidate to make a distilled liquor for beverage purposes. prohibition legislation. This committee IUINOIS real stir In the political world. What "TAW He introduced such a bill nine consisted of John Russell, Detroit, he did in the campaign of 1884 was tiroes between 1876 and 1896 In 1886 Mich. Daniel Wilkins, Bloomington, long remembered. St. John was born 111. J. A. Spencer, Cleveland, O. John he changed it to include all alcoholic in Indiana and in the Civil war was rtNHUtn liquors. N. Stearns, New York, and James Arizona lieutenant-colonel of the One Hundred Black, Lancaster Pa. At this convention Senator John D. Works of California and Forty-third regiment, Illinois vol the party was organized, a platform introduced into the senate in 1914 unteers. He was twice elected governor was adopted and a national committee a bill providing for the prohibition of of Kansas on the Republican was appointed, with John Russell spiritous liquors, excluding wines and ticket and was defeated for re-election chairman. beers. It received no support from spirits except by a physician's advice, to this office in 1882 by anti-pro* the national prohibition advocates. The first national nominating convention in illness or at public dinners, under hibition Republicans, who thought him December 19, 1913, Congressman penalty of 25 cents. assembled in Columbus, O., on too warm a friend of the temperance Hobson of Alabama introduced the Washington's birthday, 1872. It The Massachusetts Society for the cause. famous "Hobson resolution." The named James Black for president and Suppression of Intemperance was organized Frances E. Willard and a delegation Map Showing in White First 36 States Ratifying Eighteenth Amendment. original resolution placed the enforcement John Russell .for vice president. Black in 1813. The American Temperance of women presented an enormous of the law in the hands of the was one of the founders of the National society was founded in 1829. special war-time prohibition recently war. We saw what the enforced sobriety petition to the Republican national national government, but it was so Temperance Society and Publication Thereafter organizations of various enacted by congress goes into effect of military service did physically, convention, urging consideration for amended as to divide the responsibility house, an organizer of the famous kinds came thick and fast, many of "That law prevents the manufacture mentally and morally for young the prohibition forces. The story of between the state and federal governments, Ocean Grove (N. J.) Camp them securing large memberships. and sale of Intoxicants for beverage men who had indulged in liquor in that time was that the petition was in ordgr to secure the support Meeting association and a prominent Among them were the Sons of Temperance purposes and remains in force until peace times. not only laid on the table but thrown of certain advocates of "states' Good Templar. -Upon his death in of New York (1842), Order of the demobilization of the nation's war Some of our allies got into the war rights." The original resolution was 1893 he left his "temperance library" Rechabites (1835), Society of the armies is completed. Doubtless that in a hurry because they had to—Belgium amended eight times by Hobson himself Washlngtonians (1840) and Good Templars of 1,200 volumes to the National Temperance emergency war-time measure will 'be and France to save their lives. and was finally voted on December society. Russell, the "Father (1851). effective over the several months that Great Britain to save its national honor. 22, 1914, receiving 197 votes, 258 of the Prohibition party," was a Methodist In 1873 began the Woman's Temperance will elapse after July 1 until the constitutional America took its time—a long time being necessary to carry through the minister and a leading Good bone' dry act, now adopted, crusade in Ohio. Women held —and gradually worked itself up to house. It never came to a vote in Templar. His newspaper, the Penln becomes effective. prayer meetings in saloons in this the determination to fight. Doubtless the senate. sular Herald, was the first to advocate campaign against alcohol. This movement .much consideration of prohibition was Additional Dry Legislation. When Does Prohibition Prohibit? the formation of a separate political grew so strong that, in 1874 in ,, a part of this slow process. So that Senator Morris Slieppard of Texas, party for prohibition. Cleveland the National Woman's when the opportunity came the states tion congress and the, several states author of the amendment, holds that Notwithstanding the worthiness of Christian Temperance union was formed. of the Union went over the top just will be called upon to pass legislation national prohibition will go into effect The same year Francis Murphy's the cause and the candidates, the pub about as the American marines and to enforce the amendment and to provide Blue Ribbon Temperance mission attracted lie support at the election of 1872 was doughboys did in the Argonne. penalties for violations. It is public attention. not enthusiastic. The total of the probable a large force of agents under Text of Amendment. votes received by Black and Russell John B. Gough. the direction of the commissioner Following is the full text of the prohibition was but 5,607. Prohibition or temperance has of internal revenue will have to be appointed amendment on which state In 1876 Green Clay Smith .of Ken made many men and women famous to enforce the law. Each state legislatures are voting: tucky and Gideon T. Stewart of Ohio probably some of these foes of liquor will have to provide machinery for were the candidates. They polled JOINT RESOLUTION PROPOSING and the saloon will be remembered for the enforcement of the law in addition 9,737 votes. In 1880 Neal Dow of AN AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION all time. Among the names familiar to the machinery provided by the Maine, with H. A. Thompson of Ohio OF THE UNITED STATES federal government. to most Americans in this connection as running mate, appealed to the are those of John B. Gough, Neal Dow, Resolved by the senate and house It is likely this additional legislation country. General Dow was widely Frances E. Willard and Carrie Nation. of representatives of the United will be pushed through as fast as the known as the author of the Maine pro All four made their mark in widely States of America, in congress assem drys can push it. In some parts of hibition law, but he succeeded in get differing ways and the personality of bled, two-thirds of each house concurring the country at least they purpose to ting only 10,366 votes. each is interesting. therein, that the following amend take full advantage of their victory. Candidates and Their Vote. ment to the Constitution be, and hereby John B. Gough attracted public attention For example, in Illinois a forecast is, proposed to the states to become The Prohibition convention of 189c first. He achieved #orld-wide of the Anti-Saloon league is this: In valid as a part of the Constitution split the party over woman suffrage fame and furnishes a remarkabler example addition to, the "search and seizure when ratified by the legislatures and money. The "free silver" minority of what in these days is called act" an act rigidly restricting the handling of the several states as provided by formed a Liberal party, with Bentley a "come-back." He was born in Sandgate, I John P. St. John. of liquor for medicinal, manufacturing, the Constitution: England, In 1817, and died in of Nebraska and Southgate of sacramental and scientific Illinois as its standard-bearers. They Frankford, Pa., in 1886. on the floor, where it was found the purposes legislation covering doctors' Section 1—After one year from the polled about 13,000 votes. next day, much the worse for wear. A Quaker in Worcester, Mass., induced prescriptions, which must be issued ratification of this article the manu The feature of the Prohibition campaign him to sign a total abstinence by a bona fide physician in writing facture, sale or transportation of intoxicating Anyway, Miss Willard took her of 1900 was a tour of the country pledge. This was the turning point in dated, diagnosing the illness and the liquors within, the importation grievance to the Prohibition party. by the candidates and a corps of his career. He set out to tramp New purpose of its use all railroad records thereof into, or the exportation The Prohibition party offered the speakers by special train. In 1912 England, lecturing on temperance at of liquor shipments must be thereof from the United States and nomination for president to St, John the Prohibition convention renom 75 cents a lecture. He delivered 386 kept drastic legislation regulating all territory subject to the jurisdiction with William Daniel of Maryland for Inated the candidates of 1908. The sale by druggists, with heavy penalty lectures the first year—and found himself thereof for beverage purposes is hereby vice president. St. John accepted the candidates since 1884 and their vote for violation. locally famous. He mingled the prohibited. nomination. He was an effective are as follows: so pathetic and humorous successfully The drys presumably will not confine Section 2—The congress and the speaker and campaigner and he went 1888, Clinton B. Flsk, New Jersey, and made his lectures so entertaining their efforts to enforcing the law. several states have concurrent pow :i :Senator Morris Sheppard.'C out after blood—and especially Republican and J.? A. Brooks, Missouri, 249,945 that thousands who had no interest in They will doubtless take •^question er to enforce this article by appropri blood. He carried the war votes. temperance went to hear him. For the /into politics of all kinds HP make it January 16, 1920, certification and announcement ate legislation. Into New York, considered a "doubt 1892, John Bidwell, California, and next 17 years he spoke only on temperance an issue. They announce, for Instance, of ratification being merely Section 3—This article shall be in ful" state in the exciting struggle of J. B. Cranflll, Texas, 270,710 votes. and addressed more than §,000 in Chicago that they will ask all candidates a matter of form. It is needless to say operative unless it shall have been that campaign between James G, 1896^ Joshua Levering, Maryland, audiences, making two long temperance for mayor to declare themselves that the wets do not-accept this view ratified as an amendment to the Constitution Blaine and Grover Cleveland. and l&te Johnson, Illinois, 130,753 campaigns In England. He had on the strict enforcement of and that effort to delay the formal by the legislatures of the several votes. 'St. John jumped the Prohibition vote the power over an audience that dry legislation. They will make it an proceedings will be made, preliminary states as provided in the Const! 1900, John G. Woolley, Illinois, and from 10,366 votes to 150,626 votes comes from experience, purpose and issue in the spring campaign and will to contesting the legality of the tution within seven years from the H. B. Metcalf, Rhode Island, 209,469 What is more, he polled enough votes natural eloquence. Robert J. Ingersoli oppose any aldermanic candidate who ratification. date of the submission hereof to the votes. at best sway ^an in New York to defeat the "Plumed his could audience no 'does not toe the mark. I states^ by the congress. announ At it is formally 1904, S. C. Swallow, Pennsylvania, more completely than this reformed Knight" in that state and, as it & L/i Will such a contest will be and George B. Carroll, Texas, 258,205 bookbinder. Na$t Qough turned the Wets Contest? turned out, in the nation. The Reeling CHAMP CLARK, speaker of the v, rely made. likely thatthe wets of the time is indicated by the Will the wets contest the legality of house of representatives. more oiu"\li'e referendum proposition 1908, Eugene Chafin, Illinois, and Vf,. fact that St. John was burned in |the whole proceeding from the start9 THOMAS MARSHALL, vice pre* than on question of votes.^ the Aaron S. Watklns, Ohio, 253,231 votes. effigy in m6re thar. 100 cities.