INTERNATIONAL FALLS -EB1SS (peace. He to much more tobe 'Have, the .men who have lived and apt Asa.matter of fact, when a workingman as that a man could not whip his bone of and still adhere &?S5*T\' worked simply to acquire great fortunes faithful, conscientious servant than if strikes it ia^not merely to obtain much as he pleased he would have tfeen to the laws, the precedents and the obtained peace of mind, happiness hie had not had military training. He an increase in his wage that to what ridiculed. Indeed, in those days the book learning of their fathers. and honor? How many of thenv enters'public service in time of peace INDIVIDUALISM the papers tell us the trouble is all N a a idea that man had not the right to This to OUR great problem. It to JS could answer "Yes'J? in more nearly the same spirit that ho about and that is what he asks for but beat his own child as he pleased was difficult, complicated problem and to Has the country been benefited by would enter military service in time of way down underneath what he is really a given little attention. jcauslng struggle of titanic proportions—a A the course they, have taken? very IS AS DEAD a a war—namely, from sense of patriotic striking for is larger percentage of a When we were all driving'horses and struggle to throw off la large majority of our countrymen to duty and a desire serve his countrjl the profits of the business. {buggies there was no speed limit /and night, as it were, the precedents of an would answer "No." and his fellowmen. He may no,t realize this, but, subconsciously, a a old world for the realities of new. man did not have to procure a On the whole, the individualistic AS A SMELT thte is precisely what, ha In recent years we have been hearing a license to drive horse. With the advent Precedent makes cowards of us all. age has not been a success, either lor a is doing. great deal about government ownership But the educator, the scientist and the of the automobile a license has tM* individual, or the community in IVe mere increase in wages can ever of our railroads. We are told that inventor have left us no' choice. We become a necessity. The public must which he has lived, or the nation. satisfactorily solve this problem. It in Germany the railroads are owned by must adjust our thought and action to know that the man who operates an We are, beyond question, entering can be solved only on the basis of the government and that their operation new conditions. automobile knows first how to operate AT on a period where the welfare of the a RECENT public hearing profit sharing. is most successful. This is true, The changes of the last twenty-five it and, second, to control it community takes precedence over the By profit sharing I do not mean but in Germany conditions are vastly on certain proposed food years socially, industrially and economically Society is finding it.necessary to take interests of the Individual and wnere bonus giving. I mean actual profit different. have been great, yet I believe legislation which Mr. Perkins favored away much'of what has hitherto been the liberty of the individual will bte sharing plans based on the earnings The military training of the youth, in they are infinitesimal compared to the called "freedom of the individual." In and which recognized the -more and more circumscribed for the iof the business, with a fair percentage fact, the entire trend of education changes that are coming. my judgment this process is only in its necessity of co-op* ration some one benefit of the community as a whole. to capital and a fair percentage to Germany is to impress upon the young I believe th^ese changes are going to infancy. Man's activities will hereafter be remarked that the legislation was 'labor after ordinary wages and interjest men of that land that they owe service deal most largely with the relationship The freedom of the business man to required to be not only for himself a violation of t«e principle of have been earned. to their country. When a man enters of man to man. do as he pleases is now being seriously but for his fellowmen. Profit sharing can be done satisIfactorily the government's employ in ttie railroad Individualism. challenged, and I most heartily agree To my mind there is nothing in the The Day of Individualism Gone. only when the business concern business he is as conscientious as with what Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Mr. Perkins retorted, "Individualism signs of the times so certain as this. In this country we have been living makes public its transactions, so he would be were he entering the government's said recently at Cornell University to is as dead as a smelt." in an age of the utmost freedom to the Will jthat the laborer and the stockholder How the Rewards Come. service in time of war. the effect that one of the chief qualifications individual. It has been the individualistic Mr. Perkins' reasons for his belief jean know as much about the business Our only decoration—the almighty If our railroads were to be taken for a manager of a large business period, when the order of the day {as does the manager himself, dollar—is receding into the background. are outlined in the following over and operated! by our government concern is rapidly coming to be has seemed tovbe "every fellow for himself In the adjustment of difficulties between The man of exceptional ability, of at this time, how many of you think wo article:— the human quality and ability to adjust and the devil take the hindmost." capital and labor I am confident more than ordinary talent, will here-i would duplicate Germany's success? differences between capitalist and We have gloried in the freedom of that open books will accomplish after look for his rewards, for his By GEORGE W. PERKINS, Government ownership of railroads laborer and to understand their relationship. Jthe individual and have practised this (much more than open shops. honors, not in one direction but in 'may be as desirable in this country as Chairman of Mayoi Mitchel's Food I freedom to a point where, in many These changes are far-reaching and two:—First—and foremost—in some it is in Germany, but we must first Supply Committee. Relation of Capital and Labor. jphases of our life, it has amounted to Jfundamental. What are we going to public work accomplished, and, secondarily, have public servants who will at least One of the greatest stumbling blocks Until recent years little broad thinking .license to do almost anything that we do about it? What is to be our mental in wealth acquired. come somewhere near the standard of to progress Is the human inclination to was given to this problem and differences pleased or that brought profit or attitude? How are we going to: In place of having it said of him atl Germany's public servants in efficiency follow precedent and old methods too were settled on the basis of its ifancied renown, regardless of effect handle these problems? his death that he left so many hundred honesty. and jon one's fellowmen. closely. We find it difficult to strike "might makes right." All this is rapidly Can we approach them from the thousand dollars it will be said that he Look at the spectacle we are presenting out a along entirely new lines. changing and we are entering In the eaTly days, when instantaneous same point of view as did our fathers, .rendered a certain amount of public to the world at this very moment period of new industrial relationships. Intercommunication did not exist, when Thomas Jefferson, in his old age, who lived in a strictly individualistic iservice and, incidentally, left a certain1 in our pork barrel legislation! wrote a letter in which he said:— In the long ago the relationship betweeen education was meagre and science undeveloped, age? Can we approach them from the 1 amount of money. Could we afford to have our railroads capital and labor was that of what the individual did was Some ascribe the men of knowledge we have gained from law! man to the Such a goal'will prove a far greater operated, by the same type of public owner and slave, then came the period of comparatively small consequence, for age a wisdom more than preceding books which were written in the individualistic satisfaction to him, he will Jive a more servants? of master and man, then the period of his deeds did not reach very far and suppose what they did to human, and age? If we do we will rational, worth while life and he will If our government is to endure,- if be, beyond amendment. I knew that employer and employe, each period! did not affect many people. be combatting the mighty onward be doing his share to provide a better we are to take our proper place among Revolution] well. 1 belonged being a decided step forward. age [of the With intercommunication drawing rush of new thought and new conditions, country in which to live. the nations of the world in the new civilization, It labored with it. to it and In my judgment we are just now en-! the world together in one centralized provided in large measure by I have two reasons for believing that the man of the future must of its country. It was deserved well tering a period of copartnership, community, the act of the individual is*=S»s the scientist, the educator, the inventor. future 'conditions will be as I have very like the present, but without the live not for himself alone but for where the tool user will be part tool a can affect large number of people briefly sketched them: of the present and forty others. experience owner and where capital and labor will therefore, that form of freedom which What the Future Holds Forth. First, because the world is being years experience is worth a of century Consideration for one another is share more equitably in the profits of is simply another expression for license What is the outlook? Is it a sad, at (book reading and this they drawn together in one centralized speedily becoming a social, industrial the business in which they are jointly do pessimistic future that unfolds? Does to as one pleasese can no community through the wonderful development themselves were they would say to and economic necessity. engaged. longer exist life hardly seem worth living under in science and the marvellous arise from the dead. Centralization is the order of the day. This advance is inevitable because of When Manhattan was sparsely settled the new conditions or does it hold out work of the inventor. Groat Changes Talcing Place Rapidly. The telegraph, the telephone, the automobile our educational system, which teaches and Second, *because in our country most of the people lived on an optimistic future, with finer opand and the airship are the causes. especially we are entering upon anew end the worklngman to think for himself, portunities its southern it would, not have The changes that occurred from the more worth while8 They have wiped out not only old prec- stage of development, which calls It is inevitable because Intercommunijcation nattered much had there been a case goals? close'of the Revolutionary War to Jefferson's has told the worklngman in one of smallpox at the north end. The patient Let me see if I can picture it as 1^ !0udly fo/ me" di* old age made a deep impres- who will render as Icommunity what the worklngman in see it. First, Just a glance into the* ,nterested Pu,bhe 8ervice- could have done pretty much Why a Hew Era Co-operaHon & We face new conditions, and in past. other communities are striving for and he pleased without endangering any order to survive and succeed we Will achieving. About the only goal we have had lone else. Must Succeed Pure require a different spirit of public It Is inevitable, because "strikes and has been the almighty dollar. The But a case of smallpox In the northern Individualism. service. end first question asked when a man dies of Manhattan to-day must be lockouts can never be settled satisfactorily One reason why I am strongly for "W or permanently' by merely raising is, "How much was he worth?" with quarantined Immediately to protect ITH intercommunication universal military training is that it other people. a man's wages. scarcely a thought as to how much develops in the youth a sense of all drawing the ihe did for his community or his country. When I was a boy there was no Society It is inevitable because it gives stability around responsibility to his country, for the Prevention of Cruelty to world together, the act of an to business and because it is as not only in time of war but in time of But what has it all amounted to? Animals, and bad any one suggested advantageous to capital as to labor. individual can affect a large number of people therefore that form of freedom which is simply another expression for license to do as one pleases can no longer exist." —GEORGE W. PERKINS. .J' GEORGE W. PERKINS. edents and customs but State and national sion on his mind yet as we look back lines as well. at them from this distance they seem A man living in Bston who wishes infinitesimal when compared with the to talk to a man living in San Francisco Millfmeih changes that have taken place in the simply rings a bell, puts a little world the last quarter of a century and instrument to his ear and proceeds to the tremendous changes taking place talk. There is hardly a miracle in the now. S Bible more wonderful than this. George Washington was a representative The doctrine of "State rights" is of the best type of American a being rapidly demolished. The nation 4 a a century and half ago. He was is being obliged to assume many a scholar, soldier and a statesman, yet :of the functions of government heretofore I he did not know as much about science performed by the State, and as a young schoolboy of tOTday. this tendency is growing. A. Thomas Edison typifies the scientist inii^inn/ The State, viewed as an individual of our time, but the gap between with the right to do as it pleases withjin the man of the Edison type and Washington itself, without regard for other is probably greater than the gap States, can no longer be tolerated. between Washington and the man !p Is Only the nation can act in matters" whose bones were recently discovered 'that affect interstate relations, and near Trenton, N. J., said to have lived with intercommunication and transportation 125,000 years ago. developed to their present M' The advances in science, intercommunication stage a considerable percentage of a and in universal education—these State's activities are interstate in three great factors accouut their effects and consequences, mm for the stupendous progress this country The World Is Drawing Together. has made in the last twenty-five We must-therefore take on a new a nationalism. world hask The been They have swept away old precedents, drawn very closely together by the old customs, and they will eventually cable and the transatlantic liner, but sweep away many of the iaws it is on the verge of being drawn injfinltely now on our statute books. -more closely together by the The man of to-day who does not •wireless, the airship and the submarine fully comprehend all this is doomed to telephone. ncxuDr I be somewhat of a failure, while the rinnn When these are practical, everyday man who does comprehend it will have {instruments of intercommunication taken a long stride toward success, mm and transportation the social pracjtlces It is not many years since I was a and the industrial methods of lad, and yet at that time there was no lone nation will quickly and seriously such thing as a telephone. The telegraph iaffect all ot'ler nations. This will require was in very meagre use fast express the yielding by nations of certin trains did' not exist. It took of their individualistic rights and ifff several weeks to cross the ocean, and prerogatives in order to safeguard and the only flying machine we knew about benefit the world as a whole. was the much derided one possess^ This opens up a great, new vistait by Darius Green. presents problems that are intensely Entering a New World. Interesting and of far-reaching 3$ jr When Abraham Lincoln was President importance. if a it took four days or more for The period that to upon us offers letter to travel, from his home In Illinois large opportunities for individual to New York. It took him several thought, initiative and action, for constructive days to go from his home to Washington work and for constructive a to be inaugurated. And yet only statesmanship. few weeks ago a young woman, unaided The mighty changes taking place in :S a 'Europe tell us with unmistakable and alone, travelled in flying machine from Chicago to New York in voice that the reconstruction period is tj§| $sl at hand. The man of the future eight hours and fifty minutes. We are Just entering anew electrical must realize it. He must be read.v to world, where everything is done, as it adjust himself to the new conditions. He must have sufficient vision, intelligence 1 wSre, on the instant 0, & Our and courage to cast aside the fathers had none of the modern methods and precedents of a bygone machinery with which- social and business age He must let the dead past bury on. intercourse is now carried its dead. He moat look back to Their sons are wrestling with the problem E. jthe setting but forward to the rising of how to use new methods these