In 1 *i £rsv £0 •.*' ». v-1* -sri£ if JW *i^" —*a£* r__ INTERNATIONAL FALLS PRESS is- •p !&-.-i*Ss *ai' ..i?'' #^%V- ~''T Story of the MOVEMENT HEADED BY HHZA unate incident. In due time the thereby such action would De conducive greater part of the American people to establishing permanent also arrived at the understanding of peace in Mexico. The convention the patriotism that had prompted Carranza. unanimously rejected his resignation and passed a vote of confidence in the 1ST AIMS TO ESTABLISH CONSTITUTIONAL After Carranza had established a First Chief. government in the national capital he Villa and his army of the North had issued a call to all the military leaders refused to send delegates to this convention. and governors of States who had In a last effort to settle the REALIZE PEACE S FORM OF signed the plan of Guadalupe to meet difficulty between the -Division of the in convention on October 1st, in Mexico North and the remainder of the Constitutionalist City, for the purpose of drafting army, certain leaders a program of reforms and to name a among the Constitutionalists proposed date for the calling of general elections. that a commission be sent to treat with Villa and that the convention Villa, ever since his first break with itself adjourn from Mexico City to (Carranza will establish a constitutional form of government based ofi (The better element in Mexico is behind Carranza because of his honesty Carranza, had been throwing obstacles Aguascalientes. Carranza, foreseeing, bl the ideals of Madero. Necessary reforms that the people demand will •nd integrity and the fact that he stands for a government of principle and in the way of a successful pacification as afterwards came to pass, the futility enacted for the betterment of all.) of the country. In order to show him of this action, opposed it. but finally Hot of men.) that he harbored no ill feelings Carranza allowed the delegates of their own the convention: 'That Villa retire or The outlook in Mexico at pr®sea| named Villa to go with General that the country cried for were volition to move to Aguascalientes to The view of the ordinary American we will fight him and uphold the resolution is really encouraging, though the colli Obregon on a peace mission to settle treat with the chiefs of the Northern OiUxen in regard to Mexico is that thought to follow as a necessary consequence. of the convention, Villa's retirement fusion attendant upon military operfc a local strife in the State of Sonora. Division. it has become just one Provisional being with the understanding tions has served to make this country Villa in the course of these negotiations Primarily the purp&se of the Aguascalientes President after another. Changes The movement against Huerta was that Carranza will be forced to retire.' consider the situation more dark tha8 so meeting was simply to en became incensed at Obregon, a magnificent effort on the part of the have been so kaleidoscopic and the "The reply we received from General ever before. All the patriotic eie dally news has been so conflicting Mexicans to regain the ideals Madero Gutierrez was that he had given ments in Mexico are rallying to Cap» that it has become almost impossible had given them, and not to sink back Villa the command of the forces which ranza's standard. Villa with bis owii were to fight against Carranza that division of the army is fighting thf again into the despotic days of Diaz. lor "the man on the street" to understand is, lie had violated the fundamental rest of the nation and an indloatioa the true situation in the Republlo The present struggle in Mexico has resolution of the convention, which of what his movement really signifies to the south of us. not justifiable grounds for its exist* was the basis of the whole agreement is the fact that he has invited all tikg His exasperation has reached that ence. Villa has made thto issue: "I and the essential condition of our obligation. old Federal army officers against point where he now dismisses the am to dominate Mexico," and has endeavored whom the Madero revolution and iti Whole affair with a comment that "a to cloak it in a mantle ol "This violent and illegal decision relieved successor that drove Huerta from pow» lot of bandits seem to be fighting verbal patriotism and empty sounding us of every obligation toward er was waged, to join him- among themselves in Mexico as to platitudes. The element behind Carranza an assembly without patriotism or World conditions are such that &Q Who be the moral force, the tool of an ambitious government in Mexico can exist with* shall allowed privilege is not supporting the personality and savage faction to which we had out the friendship of this country of looting the country and I reckon of Ca&anza. At all times it has shown undeserved complacency out without its moral and financial help, tfaole Sam will have to step in one of been willing to sacrifice him for the of love for peace, but whose blind and In a sense then, Americans are in dutf tliese days and straighten things out." greater good of the country. It has bound to look upon the situation i& unconditional figureheads we could The one significant fact that has simply rallied, to him in this present gyx& not and would not be. Mexico from an intelligent and & served to make Americans believe that conflict, because of his honesty, integrity "Thereupon we decided with full pathetic angle, behind the present turmoil in fbSBibly and deep seated patriotism, and consciousness of our act, certain that Carranza Misunderstood. Mexico there may be after all some­ because he stands for a government we were following the course of patriotism Carranza has been grossly miSUfr thing big and has been the and duty, to fight Francisco serious, of principle and not of men. derstood in this country. He is broad Villa with all our force until we had humanitarian view that Presi­ The revolution against Huerta swept man of probity, clean living and 1&> removed from the horizon of the nation dent in through Mexico with the irresistible Wilson has consistently taken tense patriotism. He is not a wealth! this menace of reaction and barbarity." force that has ever animated every regard to man. He has reared his family i& the Mexican revolution. real struggle for liberty and the dashing comfort, having made his living froa A brief history of the present revolutionary Carranza a Civilian. victories of Villa, Gonzales, Obr» the raising of cattle. He himself .bit movement in Mexico tends Carranza is essentially a civilian gon, Herera and others against the visited the United States many timed, lb clear up many of the things that rather than a military man. From the Federal troops brought the victorious He has had his family educated (& have remained incomprehensible to Inception of the revolution he sought hi revolutionists into Mexico City after this country. Every man Whom Americans and sheds a light on the 17 months of struggle. Huerta fled to direct its destinies as did Presidents to oi has selected become a-member tltire situation that gives a true un- an exile to Spain. Lincoln and Davis control his Cabinet he has first sent to thif events 4n our Civil war.- Accordingly tht fsrstanding of the conditions in that Only one small cloud specked the country to become acquainted with horizon of the* revolution during its when Villa commenced his military feountry as they exist today. American idea, system and plan Ol early days. This was when Villa, being campaign against Carranza the latter to a* conducting the office he is about The present revolution actually had had not a single soldier directly under ordered by Carranza to send reinforcements sume. lis inception with Francisco Madero to a brother general, refused his personal command. His only Carranza is unmilitary, educated it 1910. Most Americans are familiar taken a law degree, intenislf strength lay in the justice of his cause to accept the commands of his having With the rapid and unexpected triumph delta superior officer and carried his insubordination and the only means he. used to organize Mexican, and whole-heartedly of Madero over Diaz, but it is to such a length that an army was to unfurl the banner bUs of helping the downtrodden PSOS lot generally known that Madero's Villi when his resignation as division commander of patriotism and to allow Such & obtain "his chance in life." regime generals and. their armies to gather failed to be a success and live was accepted by Carranza, he contrastingly is uneducated, ignorant *P to paid no attention to this action and around it as desired to combat for brutal, unrestrained in his passlo&t the high hopes and expectations continued to remain in charge of his right and justice. The entire Constitutionalist totally unappreclative of the needs 0} that had been born with it, because hit army. army, exclusive of the Division his country and is simply riding had been too generous in compro­ be tht of the North, commanded by Villa, Carranza's position in this matter vanity to what be hopes will mising with the reactionaries and that flocked to the support of Carranza. was similar to that of President Lincoln dictatorship of Mexico. they on 1 account of their dominance of during our Civil War, when McClellan, Carranza withdrew from Mexico Illustrative of the character of tht the two hold-over houses of Congress City and established the national capital Fremont, Hooker, Burnside two men Is the fact that Carranza, noi Were able to defeat all his plans for and Meade scoffed at the President's at Vera Cruz. even to gain valuable political end* the knowledge of military strategy and refused Pathetic in its note of helplessness betterment of his people. would stultify himself to the extent Of to give any heed to his directions is the story that President Gutierrez currying favor with the Washington Assassination of Madero. as Commander in Chief of the told of conditions existing in Mexico administration as long as our troopi The shameful assassination at the Union forces. In each case, Lincoln City while he occupied the presidential were* at Vera Cruz. His feelings $ Instigation of Huerta excited such a was compelled to remove the insubordinate chair. He narrated this after friendship he kept locked in big failing of indignation in the United general from his command. he had fled from the city and endeavored until the time he deemed proper to States as to make President Wilson's to attach himself to Carranza. express them. Villa, on the othfti Carranza Retires. Itand In refusing to recognize the The following parts of his narrative hand, has been one thing to thii Carranza, setting aside all personal are taken up after he recites in detail country and another to Mexico, H* Government set up by Huerta on the considerations and desirous, above the executiona of Alberto Garcia Aragon, lead anything else, of bringing the revolution has taken every occasion to Sl3bbig» body of Madero, as being eminently Vice-President of the Aguascalientes ingly express his regard and #ien& to a triumphant conclusion, just and in keeping with the convention and Professor David agreed to allow General Gonzales to ship for this country and the adSlift belt traditions of this country. Berlango, another distinguished member hold a conference with General Villa, utavAaH istration, while in Mexico he hftg Madero's death put the old cientiScos, of the convention, both of whom in order that the personal differences tempted to gain, reevuitg fe? his &r&ty reactionaries and clerics back VENUSTIANO CARRANZA had been brutally murdered by the between the two men might be adjusted by demagogically declaring that th| igain in power. This •necessitated orders of Villa. United States intends to annex Mexict and the welfare of the constitutionalist First Chief cf the Constitutionallets. lhat the struggle Madero had successfully He says: "The members of the cause not be jeopardized. and that he in,the role of his country'! Aguascalientes convention which was tt This was effected, but it was clear to savior calls upon the ex-Federals waged must again be taken up, who held an equal rank with him in deavor to persuade Villa to send representatives now meeting in Mexico City, justly join him in resisting the invasion that lad the minds of all Mexicans that unless accordingly there came into existence the Constitutionalist army, because to the convention. Afterwards alarmed by these daily murders, informed Villa changed his mental attitude and he announces soon is to eome. Villi with the new movement a new the latter refused to accept his unauthorized it usurped sovereign powers me that they desired to change t( ceased to allow a certain clique of reactionaries, is forced to. make this explanation Ihibboleth that has rung from one dictation and withdrew General that it did not possess and which their residence from Mexico City to his own troops because others Ise tht$ who had come close to Ihd of Mexico to the other: "Justice Hill from Sonora in order that Carranza never sanctioned. But Carranza, the town of San Luis Potosi, where his confidences, to inflate his vanity would keenly resent the presence Qt tild Reform and no compromise." Governor Maytorena, Villa's ally, putting aside the considerations beyond control, that they would use they expected to convene in safety. these Huertistas in their ranks. The first to refuse to accept might control the situation and array man and rising nobly to the demands of the him' as a tool to undermine the now "A large number of the. members of Carranza and the Constitutional's! that State against Carranza's authority, situation, expressed to the convention the of authority the dictator Huerta the convention proceeded to the above cause has been assailed in this cotift all but attained success of the revolution. that in a frenzy of anger he attempted in writing his willingness not ind to a de- city and General Villa having been informed fling into his face bitter Events afterwards proved these try as being not only Anti-Cathollfr to kill Obregon. Fortunately only to resign as First Chief in charge fact!, lance apprehensions to be well grounded. by his agents of what had happened but Anti-Religious. The true was Venustiano Carranza, then being restrained from this by subordinate of the executive power of the nation, had the audacity to issue orders show both these accusations te bv Governor of From the moment that Villa first began the State of Coahuila. officers, he highhandedly placed but to become an exile from his country of arrest and execution against to dream dreams of an empire false. The Constitutionalist cause ii Carranza has been one of the strong- Obregon under arrest. These events if the delegates ask this of him. these persons whose immunity was opposed to any. church taking part t| and the traitorous kitchen cabinet that ftst and during supporters of Madero happened but a few days before the The single condition that he stated vehemently surrounded him began to see the probability absolute and who were the source the politics of the country and is fee previous revolution had acted as time that the Mexico City convention must govern this abdication was that from which Villa derived the authority opposed to its aligning Itseli of their nefarious work ripening Minister of was to assemble. War in the assassinated Villa should resign his command of into success, there began a well with which he is invested. with the reactionaries and privilege President's When Carranza was informed of the Constitutionalist army of the provisional cabinet. organized and systematic campaign classes, as unfortunately the Catholll Delegates Flee. Villa's unwarranted persecution of North and if the convention so decreed, Carranza's patriotic stand drew the of publicity in this country with the church has done since the eolonizatloi "In view of these terrible orders the Obregon, he ordered the train service must also leave Mexico. of Mexieo by the Spaniard. purpose of painting Carranza as "AntiAmerican," Attention of all liberty loving MexiSans delegates, carrying the flag of the convention, north of the City of Aguascalientes, "ambitious," "hostile," Story of Convention. Rafael Zuberan Capmany, formst to Coahuila and there soon rallied called for protection on the some distance south of where Obregon agent of the Constitutionalists & "dictatorial," "stubborn," etc. He was The convention on November 6th around the Governor's standard Carranza Governor of the State of was held by Villa, discontinued Washington, and now minister of thfe dubbed an "old -man in his tottering passed a resolution calling for the retirement Nuovo Laredo, in which State they number of high-minded and patriotic temporarily from Mexico City, until he interior in Carranza's Cabinet, St&tst senility," and other such libelous descriptions of both Carranza and Villa. are at present." Mexicans, who banded together to could determine whether or not Villa of him were sent broadcast in the following manner the Constitlfc Antonio I. Villareal, Chairman of the Indicative of what an empty honor Overthrow the usurper Huerta and reestablish intended his treatment of Obregon to tionalists' position in this respect: as to create in this country an impression convention, thus describes subsequent Gutierrez held and how the so-called presage a'hostile military movement a constitutional government that Carranza was totally unfit events: Church Question. convention party now means but one against Carranza. i& Mexico. to act as the Chief Executive of Mexico. "After the absurd selection of General man—Villa—is the following excerpt "Let the Catholics of America Uffc Villa's Insolence. Accordingly it was under these cirCumstances Gutierrez as Provisional President from the-same narrative: derstand that the occurrences whifi|r Carranza is not a diplomat, in fact, Villa the much heard of, but sent a telegram to Carranza for 20 days, which had been done "On Sunday, December 31st, General have happened and are explainable his blunt honesty is at times disconcerting asking him to explain what he termed in deference to the wishes of Zapata, ilttle understood plan of Guadalupe Villa came to my home, revolver co&di under the present disturbed in its sincerity straight cuts this hostile action against his division myself and three others were commissioned in hand, accompanied by ten or tions, do not, nor cannot constitute fc Mme Into existence. The main planks J*?C :. rather than winding paths, are the favorite of the North. Carranza sent him the to serve notice on the First twelve armed men, besides two thousand part of the program of the Constitll 0t this plan are as follows: ways of his mental trains. He •^r following reply: "Before answering Chief that he was to resign. Villa cavalry, who surrounded my tionalists who are pledged to the prift "For the organization of the military is essentially Anglo-Saxon in his mental your message which I have just received had already agreed, so his representatives house and removed the meager guard ciple of the separation of the Statt forces necessary to make compliluce workings and utterlyJacks.theusual I desire an explanation of your stated, to tender his resignation. of twenty men who were defending and church and are firm believers it with our purposes, we name as Latin habits of circumlocution and conduct towards General Obregon in We would have shortly secured Carranza's me. With the courage instilled In him the principle of religious liberty." procrastination. iftrst Chief of the forces which shall Chihuahua.-' Instead of Villa giving retirement had not General by such an array of force, Villa shamefully One of the main reasons that failprevented be called 'Constitutionalists,' Don Vera Cruz Note. the requested explanation to his superior Gutierrez, bullied into action by pressure insulted me and hurled baseless, a better feeling of cordial W:- Venustiano the officer he replied insolently that brought upon him by Villa, summoned mortifying and criminal charges at "l&W- Carranza, Governor of ity existing between Mexico and tftfr This was strikingly evidenced in his he would no longer recognize Catranza the latter to Aguascalientes me. State country has been the fact that t&fc' of Coahuila. so-called Vera' Cruz note to this country. the First Chief of the Republic. "With shame and indignation I had and placed him in command of all the ordinary American looks upon a) Carranza- felt that the ocupation "On the occupation by the Constitutionalist fcC In explanation of this traitorous.conduct military forces in the country. to be a spectator of all these outrages Mexicans.aa "greasers" and affects miair of Vera Cruz by our troops was forces of the City of Mexico, M: Villa gave the ridiculous and* petty, "This act violated the previous resolution because I did not have sufficient force of superiority towards the nation a violation of the sovereignty of Mexico. the Executive power shall be taken reason that he had broken With Carranza of the convention and was contrary to halt' the reign of murder and robbery Northerns in thd Civil War would that has bred the worst of understand charge of by. Don Venustiano Carranift, and was willing to plunge the toHLts own mandates, or in other that Villa conducted." ing between the two countries. Thfc' have entertained the same feeling of First Chief of the forces, or whoever country into a civil war, because Carranza words, contrary to the desire* of what The flight of Gutierrez from Mexico lower class of Mexicans, commditifc* resentment against Ebgland had she did not have sufficient intelligence was left, of it, as it must be remembered may be substituted in command. City accompanied by many prominent called the "jpeOn," is undoubtedly on accountof some differences with "The president ad interim of the Republic orabiiityto govern Mexico How that out of the 155 ^registereddelegates mgn in the so-called Convention norant and ill-kempt, but he has st8* the Confederacy occupied Mobile. All farcical this statement really was ctm many had withdrawn for one party, .strikingly illustrated to the ling virtues of honesty and a genuine shall convoke general elections America would have been united in reason or another until at last there be best understood when it is explained world the impossibility of this or any love of his country that deserves is hostile array against the British. A soon as peace shall have been established, spect ,": that Villa can. scarcely read were only 60 members left and 18. out other kindred government ruiing in somewhat similar sentiment animated delivering the power to the or write and has never read a single of this 60 had been recalled by their Mexico that was not subservient to the President Wilson by bis just1 at ti Mexico when the TTnited States army person who shall be elected." signatories. A quorum in the. convex book in his life, whilst on the other wishes of Villa tude. towards Mexico has, wiped ou£ by force took possession of Vera Cruz. hand Carranza is a man of education, Genesis of Revolution. tion necessitated 79 delegates. The Abandonment of Gutierrez and the old memories that country haL Fortunately, after a storm of aggravation-had culture and business experience. "A brief resume of the situation at the other prominent men of the Convention held of us since the Mexican war This was the genesis of the revoluagainst swept this country over The convention that Carranza had this critical time might be stated as party has left Villa isolated when we took from it the greater pop.^ what Was termed "Carranza's insolent Huerta, which had, as can called to .meet in Mexico City opened and alone and made the issue in Mexico followsr We said to Carranza: 'Retire tion of its territory. Mexicans no*.^ 1 stand," the administration came to seen, as its one big hope, the reEstablishment its ses8ions*on the appointed day. Carranza or we will fight you, your retirement now definite and certain. It is: universally recognize that the onls^? appreciate Carranza's position and of a constitutional form tendered his resignation as First being made with the understanding, Shall Villa be allowed to become the ambition this country has in nothing that marred the friendly feelire in fa and assist, Of government Mexico. Following dictator of the country, or shall the Oh*ef to the convention and asked the that Villa will be forced to Withdraw.* to Mexico to be of help between the White House and the this .triumph, delegate* to accept it. If they thought! We said to General Gutierrez and to oeople themselves mi«»* ihe nece&sary reiorms Constitutionalist came of this unfor-