*9 I STORING WINTER APPLES. A S THE FARMER'S M07GR. arm Essentials to Be Borne In Mind and ».• lurvesi of harvests is idiiliiy Storing Apples and Other Fruicv We ma talk of the conven- within the mind of the man who, In sturiiig fruit' for winter, says iemfe and pleasure of owning an 9 vhnving his crops and flocks garnered Better Famiiiig. the three essentials to autopobile^-and they are import Garden and sheltered against the be borne in mind are good ventilation, taut—but its greatest service service'ro*® winter's needs, sees a just return JjJth.e farmer has been in destroyli a proper temperature and moderately for his labors. Whether a isolation, says the Natiou-Stockman Unless they can all •I- dry atmosphere, Unless they can all year has lavu full or lean, and Farmer. Ed c. c. BOV/sheld be met it is better to dispose of your ether or not the promise of POULTRY OPPORTUNITIES^'^ ,0 The farmer no longer is limited RAISING WINTER LAYERS. 4. fruit at prevailing' market price rather :r has been fulfilled by the to one market in tJ'e purchase of 1— f- frm-'.vrrrrHvrrm'm 1 than hv rotiimr. than take the risk of loss by rolling Hip risk of loss bounty the reaping, the end supplies. Every city or town inside The Farm Is fvlost Conducive to Swcccssfui The cellar in which the fruit is kept [ireful Study of Breeds Essential to of the harvest brings its own a fifty mile radius is within iising. Poultry must be well drained, with double Success. reward. If he has realized contentment easy reach. -money mak- ri he f-outu.Htion upon which all sueres-fr.i walls above wails are In order to raise winter layers one in moderation he grouird. Double Formerly his only associates i*- ing. operations rest is eonRii better siu ie walls. 'f»o»!try comes to the end of the year lawnoudweiors than were the neighbors of two or t:::t know something about the cbareristics yi.** -in i-: 11 investment utio a 1 vivor. according to poultry outer io the ceiiar is in­ without regret. An en.ran. three miles in each direction. iiiid easy work, of the different breeds, the experts of t!^e department of agriculture. dispensable. as are also small double Let the conntrvman be thankful .Now it is just as easy to spend no a of »iug periods of which vary, says a ithoiit a high degree of health glass windows placed at hast on two Sunday with a "-neighbor" in the is a life, not farm industry tli his \7 -u it is utterly impossible to progress in jrrespondent of the Country Gentletn. sides of the cellar, preferably on north next county. mere'\ a r.ii'i t'onn of toil. as poultry work, and there is no other Some begin laying in five and south sides. On warm days they Xo longer is his observation It is I!i-oMiing existence raising. No feature a a!. place where conditions are so conducive iniths, others in six, seven or eight can be used to good advantage ,in limited to one community. It in the midst of a world of living can tit better to poultry success as thev are ibnths. When the egg laying charac•istics regulating the temperature. No storage has been widened to a hundred things !t is a Jod made vocation into a little on the farm, 'jjhe farmer has the advantage cellar should contain a furnace, communities in ,ii dozen counties. of a particular breed of fowl Country Gentleman. farm program, of having free range for his even when there is a partition wall between No one can fail to be impressed known it is easy to raise winter and no line of 3 birds, which means an unlimited supply it and the fruit, as undue by the tremendous influence production is 7ers. ot bugs, insects, green feed aud of this wider vision upon warmth cannot be prevented. The safer and more grit as a food supply. [n the writer's experience with White RODENT PROOF CORNCRIBS. the farm family—upon their happiness. right temperature is a few degrees profitable on a Poultry strongly constituted means ymouth Itoeks the time between their work and their ambitions. above the freezing about de irge place. 1 point, highly fertile eggs and the production itching and the laying of the first egg Old Fashioned Set Give Way to Steel Hogpens may grees F. The temperature may vary of good, strong chickens F.ggs produced Is varied from live months and four Structures. be of tl'.e most inexpensive kind, hut considerably, however, without serious from fowls that have free range ,fys to seven months and thirteen they must he ke|»t ciean. They need Every fanner knows that corn stored damage, but in very cold weather it is on the farm hatch better than those Pullets usually lay a small to be proof against drafts and storms. jys. well to keep a thermometer by ill the ordinary crib is exposed to more close from fowls "that do not have that advantage. FAROE'S' INTEREST RATES. Ciean premises also are essential in and apply artificial heat if necessary. limber of eggs at first—about fifleen or less damage from rats. mice, birds in feeding the farmer has guarding against disease. Two or Barrels and orates or hanging bins are I twenty—then rest a few days or a the advantage over other poultrytnen. and chickens, and lie makes allowance Why farmers Pay More For Menay three acres of rape and an acre of the best utensils for storing Hanging Where live stock is kept there is a Aek, after which they begin (o lay for this loss. The extent of the damage Thart Other Men. artichokes will provide practically all bins are very convenient, as the fruit fain and continue for three or four from these sources depends upon To Farm and Fireside .ludson C. the fodder required by twenty-five pigs gets the full advantage of free circulation onths or more without stopping. {he kind of crib used and the length of Weliiver contributes an article showing from weaning till fattening time. of air from beneath and through |l regulating the hatching of chicks time the corn is in storage. In the old If a supply of skimmilk or whey is how farmers have to pay high side slats, la-sides it can be easily fording to these laying characterises fashioned rail crib, which is now virtually available it will pay to use it. and a rates of interest in this country because sorted from Whatever utensil is and by giving them proper care out of date in the older states, them. light ration of corn or peas once a day used fruit should be raised up enough they have no system of collective id attention a good supply of fresh ihe loss was very great. will be a help. The rape and artichokes 58 may be had during the winter credits such as they have for the During the last few years the steel may he depended on to bring •-•rib has come into use as a rodeut benefit of farmers in certain foreign the animals on at a fair rate of growth mm proof structure. There are several countries The substitution of community all summer. Liberal feeding of corn makes and styles of these cribs upon credit for individual credit is for three or four weeks before mar the mar'cet. but tiie principle involved koting will assist weight and quality what always reduces rates of interest. in each is the same. A description of oi' fiesh. Any amateur can grow the Cities borrow their money at lower two ste'-i cribs in use on the Ohio State crops named .nd manage a drove of rates of interest than individuals because university farm may be of interest to pigs. they act as a community. Following fanners who are tut familial with this There is a distinct public demand for is an extract from Mr. Welliver's method of storing corn. They are the meat of lightweight hogs ranging article showing tlie rates of interest made of perforated galvanized steel, 'from 200 to MOO pounds. most The farmers pay in this country at circular in form, and stand on concrete profitable pork is that grown in eight -the present time: foundations The nerfora-ims admit to ten months, or from April to I)e "Recently the department of agriculture air. and further ventilation is provided cember, so that there is little winter investigated Interest rates paid by a perforated steel tube extending up feeding, and most of the growth is by farmers all over the country. It through the center of the crib and out obtained from field forage. was found, through statements made the top. The roof is of steel. These Perhaps as good a plan as any is to by several thousand batiks in answer cribs have a capacity of 500 bushels market twenty out of twenty-five hogs to questions, that 011 all loans to farmers, each. They cost $1.10 apiece, not including late in the fall and carry over the re secured and unsecured, the average the foundation and the cost of maining until they are sixteen to five rates run from a Ui fie under 0 per erecting. eighteen mouths old. The bacon market cent in most of New England, New In laying the foundation for the steel calls for the larger animal, and POULTKY HOUSE AT GOVEKNSIENT POULTRY York. Pennsylvania and New Jersey, FAI5M, liELT.SVlLLii, MD. crib the excavation is made, and a foot prices are apt to be higher in the late up to iO.oT per cent in Oklahoma. or so of inders is put down. On top winter months than in the fall. considerable amount of grain dropped V0.57 in New Mexico, iii.n in Arizona. of this several inches of cement are All the breeds of hogs have their ad upon the ground which cou'.d not be 10.13 in Montana. lO.To in North Dakota. laid, then a layer of steel sheets and vocales. For general .purposes nothing utilized other than by poultry. This {).»)? in Texas. -is in South Dakota. finally another coat of cement. The is better than to use dams of Chester grain in most cases would, be a. 'total hAYS TYPE OF HOUSE FOH WINTER 9.98 in Georgia. S.P0 in Florida. steel sheets prevent the moisture from White, Ta worth or Duroc type loss to the average farmer utiles eaten crossed with males of the PolandChina by the fowls. 6.23 in Ohio, fi.47 in Indiana. 0.31 in rising from the soil. The floor is raised oths. A brief description of the Illinois, 0.88 in Michigan. 0.24 in Wisconsin, slightly in the center, so that if water or Berkshire variety. This kind On most farms milk is avaihi )!e for ter's method of raising winter laymay of breeding will give large litters and feeding. Its value as an egg pi jducer 7.93 in Minnesota. 7.21 in Iowa. should gain entrance it would immediately be helpful. good sized animals. 7.28 in Missouri. 0.80 in Kentucky. 8.28 run out of the crib is not exceeded by any other .e feed 'ens are used for incubating the These cribs have been in use over In this country the most popular in existence. Chaff from the barn loft, in Tennessee. S.20 in Mississippi. 8.33 s. Provided a hen wants to set any WINTEli APPtiES ON A SPRAYED TREE. breed has been the Poland China. This containing many feeds that are readily in Louisiana, 9.07 in Arkansas. 9.37 ill three years and have proved entirely !e after the middle of February she breed has many good characteristics. consumed by poultry, can be used as a satisfactory. They are absolutely rat. Wyoming. 9.24 in Colorado. 8.01 in to allow air circulation beneath as •ut in a warm and protected place, I It is a rapid grower, makes good use bed or litter in the poultry house in mouse, bird and chicken proof and. Utah. 9.03 in Nevada. Tn Idaho. this iusures against dampness- and prospective winter layers it is well of food supplied and can be kept ready stead of being wasted. with the aid of a good padlock, are 8.90 in Washington. 8.32 in Oregon mold. intch the chicks as early as March for market at any time, either as a It is essential to successful poultry thief proof. Weights were kept of and 7.44 in California." There is much advantage in knowing April. With hens to brood the sucker, porker or baconer. The litters raising to know at all times the' ages corn stored in them for over a year, of the qualities of the differ 'ks and with a sunny exposure and are rather small, however..a-nd for this of your fowls. This can be readily' and the only loss was due to ent varieties The Rlude island (Jreen evapora­ Protective Hive Entrance. ceetion from cold winds, they need reason, as well as to get a more rangy done by toe punching chicks as soon tion of moisture. The steel crib then Very often injury is done by mice Ing is not so good ii keeper in cold more attention in early than in animal for general purposes, farmers as hatched, which will obviate the killing appears to he the safest place for the entering beehives, especially such hives storage as the I»a!dwin, but it will hatching. are disposed to cross the breeds. of the young hens and pullets be farm storage of corn.—Country Gentleman. as are left 011 their summer stands during keep in the cellar if placed in a dislocation. wet food is given young chicks The selection of the male is of great fore their days of usefulness are over. lo unhey the ^winter. A simple way to protect Talmon Sweets keep well in are four to five weeks old. The importance, as he directly influences To do this use a small harness punch: hives without interfering with the cold storage and also in ceiiar if stored her hen is cooped, but the chirks every pig one may have to fatten, and perforate the outside web of the right Nest exit and entrance of the bees is shown Movable Boxes. in barrels and are at their best during allowed free grass range. They it depends on his breeding very largely foot between the toes, and the following It is frequently desirable to have in the accompanying sketch. A triangular February and March, when they have whether or not the pigs can make year punch on the inside web of fed regularly five times a day until nest boxes whi it are readily removable piece of wood is placed at each a fine flavor llumho and Fallawater profitable use of the food given them are about two''months old. after the right foot. The age of the flock can from each other. Such an arrangement are also excellent keepers both ill cellar As in the case of all sires, the male thus be told year by year. for two months or so four times a is shown here. The frame j: and cold storage, but the Ram bo is should be pure bred, of approved As soon as the hen starts to molt and from that time on three times pieces are strongly made of one inch not a late keeper, being at its best in strain, both with regard ro capacity to iy until winter is over. The young after the second laying• season it is stuff, firmly nail- i! together The wires December, while Fallawater is most put on Mesh rapidly and to influence advisable to market her. as in molting iks are kept free of vermin by support the ii.iv. and are (irmly attached excellent late in winter and early the sow iii the production of large lit she will produce very few eggs, and iple methods, the perches and ronstplaces to the two emls and middle spring. tors by keeping her through this period, are carefully watched for I Peat's have much the same keeping The dam need not necessarily be I which lasts about ninety days, there is 'ken mites, and any indication of qualities as apples and are stored- the pure bred, provided she is of a good 1 little to gain, and often the fowls die jness is at once investigated. same: but. as a rule, they do not keep type She should be sele-ted from ii during this time. ifter the chicks are three months so well prolific mother, as fecundity is liered they are fed a wet mash in the In storing fruit either in the cellar or itary,. The teats should number at njng and a grain mixture consistof •••••••ftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftft cold storage there are two objects to ft ft least twelve, fully developed, set well two parts of whole or cracked be accomplished: one is to preserve it, apart, even in ?i".e. and the front teats The time is at hand wheu PROTECTS THE HIVE ENTRANCE. and one part each of wheat and the other to retain the flavor. Storing of young apple trees must be protec-ted side of the entrance, and a strip well forward on the body. The num for the remaining meals. The vegetables, especially cabbage, in the or the owner will find* half inch wire uetting, preferably galvanized, her of teats nut indicate always does Ih is composed of four parts by same cellar may be detrimental to the is fastened from side to side the number of pigs she is likely to S that he has provided a very expeusive ^ure of bran and one each of rnidIgs, flavor of cabbage. Damp, ill smelling winter feed for the rabbits. so as to cover the entrance completely. have Sometimes sows with ten or cornrneal and mixed grains. Ocjonally cellars will very likely render fruit less If the triangular pieces are screwed to eleven teats will have la rye litters. one measure of meat meal is palatable too. the mouth they may be easily removed NEST HOX.ES TO IUC TAKEN A PA lit1. Whether on raii"e or in pen lio-j •••••••••••••••••••••••••ft ed to the mash to furnish animal wheu necessary. should have a medi :'im! ration mad- *ein, though the meat meal is kept boards. Snips may be used in place of up as follows: One pound each of the wires if iu: essary.. The nest boxes loppers in order that the young CUTTING SILAGE CROPS. Raising Colts. wood charcoal, sulphur, sa bakiii" Farm profits will be increased kens may learn to balance their are made of half inch lumber and are soda and sn!ph:de of antimony. I'ui eleven inches wide, twelve inches .long more substantially by increasing ration. Since chickens possess inlual veri'-'e and i- ix thoT-o? h!\. Fse a A Great Deal Depends Upon Choosing acreage yields than by incivasing and tive inches- deep The bottom is Strong, healthy draft horses can be tastes, it is better to let them tnhiespooi.f!:! daily for each pig from of Proper Time. made to project six in lies, leaving a acreages.— Farm and Fireft produced without oats. An experiment :nce their ration to suit themselves the time they are old c'iou.l'!: to run in Corn and various sorghum crops will side. step for the hens to light on. A space in progress at the Kansas Agricultural mash is usually wet down with the tield Add a tablesjioonful of bone most generally be used for silage crops of twelve lies should lie left between college has disproved the belief |wastes from the table. Oyster shell es meal for ea animai and mix the should be cut for the silo when the wires so as to give sufficient common among farmers that this grit are always kept before the whole lot wiih enough moistened mea he grain has begun to hardeu. There room for the hens. feed is net'essary for growing colts. sin hoppers. Orchard and Garden. or bran to make a palatable uiess should still be a sufficient amount of The experiment, which is to last dry scratching pen. free from Clean water and shade are essential*. green material in the plant to make it three years, was started last January ts and well lighted, is provided for CARE OF THE DUCKS. Dipping also is advisable. In cases of Tramp the snow well about pie pack solidly in the silo. It is oftentimes by the department of animal husbandry. pen of fowls. This is practically sickness keep those affected a Way and plum trees to prevent in by very difficult-to harvest a crop Twenty colts were purchased, ten *pensable for winter layers in cold from the sound ones and lakt* prompt mice. of Plenty Drinking Water Is an Essential, in this ideal condition. grades and ten pure breds. These I'oderate climates Grain thrown In action to prevent the spread of disease. One of the winter tasks that is too The use of water in tilling is almost colts were divided into two lots, with litter will keep the fowls busy for Water in abundance for drinking often neglected in the family orchard a necessity where dried .out corn is five pure breds and five grades in each. Exercise is very Important for ts. and vineyard and on ornamentals is purposes is a necessity. at amateur!-! For nearly a year the two have placed in I lie silo. The exact anion tit. Whitewash, lots that are kept to produce eggs jwuicious cutting hack and ..thinning .•sometimes make a great mistake in been fed the same sort of roughage— The -following formula for whitewash necessary cannot be stated in positive ng the winter months. Plenty of out of the new growth and of such of failing to recu."nize that fact, says the terms. Enough water must be added alfalfa, corn fodder and pasture. One has lteen recommended by the water is also essential for laying the old wood as can advantageously be Farm and Fireside. I Micks fed on lot has been fed oats every day. and United States department of agriculture: so that the material will pack solidly Fifty fowls cared for in this removed. soft mash must have a chance to dip the other has had a combination ration and pass through the necessary fermentation. tier during the past four or five There is probably no better covering their bills in water to wash out their consisting of 70 per cent corn 23 Take half a bushel of unslaked lime, The most satisfactory way have given a fairly uniform sup for the strawberry bed during the winter nostrils or thev will be. in danger of per'cent bran and per cent oi'meal. slake it with boiling titer and cover to apply this water is by directing a winter eggs. As a rule the fifty than.a layer of good, clean straw smothering to death, as the mash gets These percentages are based npon during the process to keep in steam. stream into the blower. shave consisted of from sixteen to of some kind, though some growers into their nostrils. Indeed, they sometimes weight, not volume. One pound of this Strain the liquid through a fine sieve The Kaffir and sorghum should be allowed ity pullets, about the same number prefer to use a mulch of strawy manure get their nostrils tilled with mud mixture contains the same"digestible or strainer and add to it a peck of salt to become well matured likewise ne-year-old hens and a few twoolds. Whatever material is used, it and rush to the water dish. elements as one pound of oats. Also previously dissolved in warm water, in order to make ideal silage. Careful records show that should be .as-free as possible from the It will be seen that the dish in which from the standpoint of energy value three pounds of ground rice healed to a These crops as a rule remain green ouU.et-s during the winter months seeds of grass aud weeds, otherwise water is irn'en must be deep enough the two feeds are equal pound for thin paste and stirred in while hot. much later in the season, and the period lbout four times as many eggs as they will cause trouble when they pound. Each lot of colts has received so that the ducks may bury, their bills half a pound of Spanish whiting and in which they can lie properly hens. For profitable winter egg come up among the plants in the the same number of pounds of grain In the water. Self feeding fountains one pound of clean glue previously placed In the silo is longer than it is jtiction it is advisable to have as spring. are best for young ducklings, as they "The test shows that there is a great dissolved by soaking in cold water vigorous pullets as possible, with corn It Is especially important The main reason for covering straw •^fe^ce for saving in feeding." said Dr. prevent the youngsters getting their find then hanging over a slow tire in a that the sweet sorghum be allowed to jth pullets numbering oni.v about berry plants is to prevent the alternate J. V. McCampbell. assistant professor feathers wet. something which must small pot hung in a larger one filled rench full maturity before being placed jhird of ilie fifty fowls, the proQn freezing and thawing of the soiT dur of animal husbandry, who has charge be carefully avoided. with water. Add five gallons of hot In the silo. These crops have shown of tho writer's flo'-k during the Ing cold nights and warm days. When of the test. "A farmer can better afford On large duck farms' the ducklings water to the mixture, stir well and let themselves to be very valuable ns silage four winters, regarding the winter plants are not protected" they ft re likely to feed the mixed ration with corn are always driven to the houses on the it stand a few days covered from dirt. hs as December. January and crops. These cropW' Sbroothues to have their crowns and roots Ihjured nt 85 cents a bushel, bran at t^M. approach of a storm. It Is well to have It should be applied hot. for which qary. has been as follows: become frosted by ah unseasonable and may "die In addition to preventing oilmen! at JMn a toil and oats at ."ift the water dishes in the duck bouses alt purpose it can be kept in a kettle or .liter of inu7-0. 1.,v32—rverasre per frost. It is then ftecessary to place this, the .mulch will-help retain mois ffthts a bushel. The figure* wi'l night, as they frequently drink. Many portable fuma*e. Coloring matter |)l. 344: winter "Vsn. 1,339— them io the silo At oftce whatever the tbre and may retard tiie blooming period When the experiment was hegtvn. tn growers keen a lighted lantern in eiieb may be added as desired. Where a |»e per movth. winter of sta&xs.or maturity, tf left in the field for a week or ten days The latter-Is Jahhary. prices were more tvnr'y tiof. house at night in order to keep Ihe less durable whitewash will answer IP. 1,2!8—aver:\re 1'er month. 419: after the leave* have been frosted a ailvMntagertUs.' since the killinir i»al than they are now. OaN at th:\t (lucks from becoming nervous of the above c»ay be modified by leaviug I* of 1H1 1, 1." io--average per considerable portion of the finer parts of the blooms by the late frosts Ui the time cost K'i, cents a day. while the alarmed and piling up In a corner. out the whiting and glu«. I. 448. spring may be avoided. Will dry up nud be lost combination fwd cost 8V4 cents a day%*