ft. »M^*€?mimM^M ^^?WP??^ffl?s^B»wKa r'M "Germa littlvs creature, knowing that it was a duffer on the woman, the chances THE AGBICULTUfiAL WOELD. in the garden, and there is no reason to be procured at this one shop, had being it would lead him to his detection." why they should not be there as well made the best use of her time to get as on the farm. There is rubbish there, and obtain the coveted dainty This functionary spoke slowly, and enough in the garden, with the assistance Syrup99 SUBJECTS OF INTEREST TO RURAL for her sick parent. with much deliberation, like a man of leaves, some mold from the READERS. It happened (by the way, what a who could weigh well all considerations, woods, it attainable: if not, from por-, heathenish sound that word has! the and was not given to act with IE FISHEBMAFS BBIDE tions of the premises where it can be old fashioned "come to pass" is, to any too much promtitude, even in The Philosophy of Green Manuring spared scrapings from the turnpike, our thinking, much less objectionable) matters of importance. —Ripening Cheese—Don't Forget manure from the stable, and every attainable that the policeman, with that rigid the Compost Heap—How Perhaps he made up in action for CHAPTER XXXIX. substance that will decay to Get Natural Water red-tapeism, which is apt to run rampant his seeming—perhaps the seeming even We are six in fam- through the winter. A little slack lime Cress. "trouncing" way, had brought DOVE AND SERPENT. was part ot his acting. Certainly will be a good assistance. A half dozen A Farmer at ily. We live in a his hand the identical article which nothing could have been much more loads of excellent manure will be cH^ -r^VQe place wh^re we are The baker had already given his poor Ida had been set on obtaining, prompt than the movements by manufactured by the time it is wanted The Philosophy of Green Manuring. E a evidence in the most effective style, subject to violent and, in due course, he proffered it to which, in less time than it might have in the spring, without incurring a from the "trouncing" point of Says Cold and I,ung On this topic, not as generally understood the observation of the bench. been supposed they could have reached cent of actual expense, and at the SView, which made itself quite evident Troubles. I have The magistrate beheld a simple roll, the spot, and the retreat of Jemmy by farmers as it should be, same time the garden will be cleared of to his audience, by whom he was already Lowther was visited by a couple of the used German Syrup for six years such as furnished forth his breakfasttable its vines, stalks, weeds, and all other Prof. Storer, ot Harvard University, tolerably well known in one way most interested of inquirers after his in ordinary. He noticed how successfully for Sore Throat, Cough, worthless trash.—Germantown Tele or another, and by whom he was not, makes some observations in his work welfare to whom his ill-used wife confided the child's eyes followed the coveted graph. Cold, Hoarseness, Pains in the -apparently, regarded with any too on agricultural chemistry worthy of morsel even now, as, with a small sigh the intelligence, with much elaboration \iriendly eye, as more than one muttered Chest and Lungs, and spitting-up of tears and sobbing, that —as if apologizing for the desire to thoughtful consideration. imprecation testified. Alfalfa Farms. of Blood. I have tried many different he'd left her "for good and all, this possess such a luxury—she said. "Because In temperate climates, he says, it One of the greatest irrigation districts kinds of cough Syrups in my iL" keggar! &e might have se'en weeks," having taken "every mother was so poor." l*3 tOT off. is undoubtedly true that, if time time, but let me say to anyone wanting blessed penny they had in the world," in the United States is in Kern I don't like to suppose a great man "A cripple like as she is." and bestowed his farewell in "such a such a medicine—German Syrup enough be allowed, almost any land capable of a weakness, yet it is certain County, California. Here are some "And bein' as it's a first hoffence." hidin' as had left her black and is the best. That has been my experience. that the magistrate seemed to have not absolutely arid or poisonous can thirty-five large canals with branches ^"Greedy old warmint!" blue from the crown of her head to the found a sudden attraction in some If you use it once, you ''Hard old villian!" and so forth. be made fertile by persistently sowing and distributing ditches, covering sole of her foot—the villian'—she'd papers which lay before him, and that Will go back to it whenever you It was remarkable that not one show 'em if they pleased, the marks." buckwheat, or clover, or rape-seed, or nearly half a million acres of very rich, he used his handkerchief, and cleared appeared to en^rtain any doubts as need it. It gives total relief and is The officers politely declined—meanwhile lupines upon it, and plowing in the his throat vociferously, before he demanded, sandy loam. The largest of the canals to the truth of the accusation made a quick cure. My advice to everyone using their own opportunities with much show of sternness, green crop before it comes to maturity. is the Calloway, thirty-two miles long. against the child, whose scared and suffering with Lung Troubles is for observation, while the woman "Has any one made inquiries as to parful countenance and trembling went on, with many asseverations, to It has sixty-five distributing ditches, —Try it. You will soon be convinced. the truth of the statements?—this joice appeared to be all ascribed to say "she wished she did know where .» This method of green manuring, as and covers two hundred thousand In all the families where child's mother, is sh3 present?" tie tact of her being new to the business. they might "light on him, she'd tell There was a stir in the court—a it is called, he justly characterizes as acres of very rich land. Its water appropriation your German Syrup 'em fast enough so she would." commotion. A policeman made a is used we have no John a singularly philosophical method. As is one thousand four hundred "She aint half up to it," muttered passage through the crowd to the witness "He's given us the slip, sure with the a mere matter of reasoning, or of reasonableness, one lllfavored fellow, with but one eye^ and seventy-six cubic feet per second. a I box, but, ere the object of their enough," said one of the visitors, Lungs at all. It is and that of oblique vision. it will well repay careful attention reached it, there was a loud breaking the silence, when they had the medicine for this Jones. "Shame to send such a one," growled cry—an exclamation, and *the child examination. left the Lowther residence at some On the lower side of the canal one a voice equally harsh and dissonant, country. was clasped in the arms of it woman, distance "and she's left behind to can see fully twenty-five thousand In the first place, the seeds of plants though it was a woman's. 'Here G. G. GREEN. Sole Man'fr,Woodbiiry,NJ. clingingto her skirts, grasping her with put us off the scent," he added. acres in almost continuous alfalfa are sown, which, like peas or clover, comes the mother then she'll face it one hand, and sobb'ing*out, with "A sharp chap is Jimmy that was fields. Alfalta, with water, yields five have a peculiar faculty for profiting out." a hundred tender expletives, the name a neat trick of his about the ring." crops a year, and two tons to the acre by the tood they find in the air and "That her mother!" of "mother!" while the tears which "Ay, but he owes a good deal to her. at each cutting. deep in the subsoil or plants are There was a considerable commotion terror had withheld burst forth with Many's the time he'd have been nabbed chosen which like the lupm, or like About once in six weeks, for eight when Nelly made her entry into the convulsive violence. but for that Jezebel yonder, that buckwheat or rye, have the power of months in the year, the alfalfa fields oourt, and her fainting was at first It was a sad scandal to the gravity is laughing at this moment over her extracting nourishment from the are cut, and the crops stacked in great For Internal and External Use, regarded as a complete stroke of the court, but who was to protest 'black and blue.'" Stops Pain, Cramps, Inflammation in body or limb, earth, even under very unfavorable piles. The vastness of some of the of policy, exciting even an like magic. CureHCroup Asthma, Colds, Catarrh. Choi against it? The apoplectic usher roared He could not have spoken truer if conditions. stacks near the ranch-houses of the era Morbuq, Diarrhoea, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Lamsback, -emotion of envy among those who Stiff Jointsand Strains. Full particulars free. Price himself blue the face the policemen he could have looked in upon the aggrieved "irrigation-belt" is a constant source 33 cts. post-paid. 8. JOHNSON A CO.. Boston. Mass. felt that, on a like emergency, they These plants are allowed to grow executed sundry evolutions apparently Mrs. Lowther, as she finished of wonder to tourists. Eight hundred until they have gathered from the soil «ould hardly have come up to such an to no specific end the magistrate her choice package of necessaries which and fifty tons have been put into one An Injustice Corrected. all the matters they are capable of effective demonstration. But Nature emphatically protested in dumb she was to convey to her spouse that stack. asserted herself too strongly, and became gathering that is to say, the plants, In a late issue of a number oENorthwestern show but all the majesty of the Law eveninc, with news of how things went There are some immense alfalfa are left until they are in flower and* quickly too apparent to be mistaken newspapers there appeared a and her myrmidons, rolled into one, on with relation to his affairs in general. farms in Kern Connty. The McClurg then they are plowed under. By this by the eyes of the demoralised paragraph headed "Trips of Presidents," must have been powerless before the and the Rosedale ranches have about ^•witnesses of the mother's agony and process the land is manured with a portion of whichread as foliows: touch of all-dominant Nature. So justice was for once baffled, and three thousand five hundred acres they closed around her, and heard everything that the plants have accumulated, "One of the most bitter insults offered the cunning of the serpent outwitted The women cried, the men cheered each, the Jackson ranch has over either from the air, or er incoherent lamentations and to president Cleveland was the the simplicity of the dove. seven thousand, and the Poso ranch the boys and girls, who didn't care twopence, from the soil, or from the waters in eart-breaking exclamations, a feeling newspaper slander uttered concerning above ten thousand acres. in fact, seized the opportunity unmixed pity soon took possession the soil, and there is placed within the CHAPTER XL. his wife and himself by an irresponsible forsaking a row and defying the The process of handling alfalfa on a the better-thinking part of the rable,mingled land a mass of organic matter which crank named Alden J. Blethen, while CONCERNING PEARLS. policemen and when at length, the large scale is interesting. The derrick by its decay will give off enormous in the others with a sention he was in Minneapolis." As will be magistrate—who in one keen glance When Nature and Mrs. Smith, by apd derrick-fork are used. The stacks quantities of carbonic acid to disintegrate of contempt for the weakness had taken in the appearance of the remembered by many of our readers, their combined testimony, had united range from one hundred to four hundred at should "make arow about such a and dissolve the components of new-comer—made a sign that the child this refers to an outrageous attack to set at nought the suspicion entertained feet long, and are usually thirty the crude soil. of a job that, after all, couldn't should be removed from the bar, he against little Ida, and both she feet wide and from twenty-five to thirty upon the then President and his wife above a month or so, with the Re•matory As a matter of fact, while the practice drew down a fresh demonstration of and her mother were declared wholly feet high, and on the extensive which appeared in the Tribune of at the end, and, as like as thus described by Prof. Storer is applause on his own account, and a stainless of imputation, then, and ranches one can often see from fifty to Minneapolis, while they weretheguests t, let her off all together with a caujbn, not as widely practiced as it should final tribute to the unpopular baker, then only, Tom Grejous found time to a hundred stacks of alfalfa in sight at of that city. At the time the paper be, it is really followed to a considerable bein'- like as you may say a who made his exit amid the groans of consider his own share in the matter, one time. was controlled by Mr. Blethen and W, ripple." extent upon the thin soils of New an impulsive rabble, of which the and, on a rapid review of that consideration, From six to ten teams are kept busy E. Haskell and the authorship of the England, where hay is the staple crop, "Hi, but Jaffers says it do look juvenile portion followed him to the to come to the conclusion supplying the derricks, and from sixty and indeed wherever the sod of old attack referred to, was for several jackj it's a out-and-out duffer, and street, some begging for the roll he that he had been, on the whole, engaged to one hundred tons can be stacked grass land is plowed under, for in such days popularly accredited to the former. mistake, and there's a gang as has still held in his hand, others proffering in what must be at least a very in a day. Eight thousand tons have ben doin' a deal ringing the changes cases the land gets the benefit of what Life was made such a burden to their services to fetch him a "penn' self-denying, since utterly suicidal, been stacked in a single ranch and fed is really a green manuring of considerable £own there lately." Mr. Blethen that Mr. Haskell in justice ortho' treacle" to eat with it. piece of business. out to livestock. 1 strength. 'Silence in the court!" to his partner made a personal At Pie Alley, some three hours Cattle, sheep, horses and hogs all The child was speaking her trembling Meanwhile the landlady had spoken One of the most thorough believers statement through the editorial columns of absence, in a busy time live, to a great extent, on alfalfa. to the occupation and general habits in this system of green manuring we tones failed to make themselves ot the Tribune, completely exonerating of the day, and wholly unaccounted of her lodgers and then—still holding have met was the late E. P. Roe, who Theard, though the police court was reduced Mr. Blethen from any part in How to Get Natural Water Cress. for, would be quite sufficient, her child to her skirts—Nelly was at his placb at Cornwall-on-the-Hudson to an unusual state of quiet, or even knowledge of the publication as Tom energeticallv and enigmatically Every clear running stream of water, placed in a position less ignominious with the exception of such shuffling of constantly practiced it. and, as until after its appearance in print and put it, to "settle his hash." than that her darling had but lately if of no great depth, may be easily he firmly believed, with most beneficial feet and swinging of doors as are inevitable. himself assuming the entire responsibility There could be no doubt about it, filled and as a help to the elucidation results. The moment a crop of made to grow a crop of salad in the of the affair. From this statement and therefore it was useless tb waste of the child's tale, which had form of water cress without price. A any kind was cleared off, in went a The magistrate directed that the of facts it will be seen that the time on conjecture but in Shorter's connected itself with certain seeding of buckwheat, which was little seed scattered on the upper part little girl should be raised in the dock, paragraph above referred does a grave close the case did not admit of deliberation. suspicions in the minds of the plowed under when in flower, thus at of the stream will, of itself, soon crop above which herlittle head was hardly injustice to Mr. Blethen which we have Like a certain respected magistrate, she was rejoined to once enriching and aerating the soil. visible, and the woman who stood by all down stream. In the absence of done our best to correct and over- character in public life, whose name "speak the truth, the whole truth," her lifted her upon her knee leaning seeds a planting of slips on the banks, our pen shall not be suffered irreverentially &c. against the partition herself, and at Ripening Cheese. although a slower process, is equally to set down, Tom saw "three "Your name is the good magistrate the same time with one hand removing certain, as after the first year seeding courses open" to him. He might go Speaking of white specks in butter The Precocious Little King of Spain. thechild'sbonnet, andsmoothingback observed, assisting, with courtesy, will take place and a sure crop follow. to his mother, and, by making himself a writer in the Creamery Journal says the tumbled tresses, so that the pale, the hesitation which was evident, Apropos of the sixth birtnday of the bearer of an exciting episode, The kind of location selected for the that cheese is the most nutritious of and easily accounted for, by the appearance innocent little face was distinctly seen. the little king of Spain, the following at least secure to himself that claim growth of the crop for market is the all foods one pound is worth more of the woman. "Your name Accustomed as the~presiding gentleman upon her good offices which such a "instantaneous photograph" has low bottom lands liable to overflow than to pounds of flesh meat, says a is Franklen?" was to see all sorts of countenances character never failed to establish on the banks of the river. Here if it been published: "He is small, verysmall. writer in the New York Tribune. We brought before him, many strangely "No, sir," in alow voice "my real with the landlady or he might take can be so managed that a spot can be He is just 5 years old. Lively, would tire of round steak or of turkey Relieved by the evidence of their guilt, name is with an effort she up the bolder course—tell her at once selected where the water by sluice ways restless, a tease, tres diable, and extremely and soon he disgusted with it lie could not help being struck by the spoke it!"—"is Meghorn." ot his dismissal—of course letting the can be let on so as to cover the beds precocious. He dreams ot •wistful, earnest gaze of the childish A loud exclamation in the knot of if no other meat were furnished. blame to rest where she certainly a few inches deep of water and yet all little face that seemed of itself to utter people behind her, a blasphemous uniforms, regiments, flags and bugles. So with cheese one kind palls on the could not fail to perceive it was due— the time renew itself so as not to get ejaculation, in a hoarse voice, startled an appeal against the position to appetite. The French have more than He no longer wants toy-horses, but to those who could voluntarily deprive her, and called forth the wrath of the stagnant, then the very state of things which it had been brought, and the themselves of Tom's services or thirdly, 100 kinds, made to suit various has been asking his royal mother for magistrate. good magistrate unconsciously was is at hand for a water cress bed. So he might adopt the penitential tastes, and in small sizes for convenience the last two years to give him a horse "Clear the court instantly!" he moved to listen to the explanation mood, say how sorry he was, accept fast do our wants increase that in all of consumers consequently the with flesh and bones. He says 'thou' cried "it is disgraceful! Officer clear which the girl proffered of the way in even tacitly the alternative of Thatcher large cities there is a demand for fresh French use more cheese than meat. to all the world, and calls old generals the court!" which she had become possessed of the (the barber), whom she would be young water cress the year round. Americans will never become cheeseeaters by the diminutive of their names. half-crown that had brought her into Her tale was the more clearly told, sure to hold up in terrorem, and so But this is to feed the epicure mostly. un+il similar diversity is offered. Thus, the chief of the military department trouble. that his order was obeyed, almost to win pardon and reconciliation. The time of all tiniest hen a good dish A great mistake prevails in regard is 'Juanito,' and Marshal This was simple enough in itself, yet, the letter. In virtue ot her oath, Nelly of water cress is tasty, is the first But neither of the three courses being to ripening ot cheese, by which it Martinez becomes 'Campitos.' Hia to those astute ears which listened, it was indeed scrupulous to a degree at all to Tom's taste, he finally crop in the spring, and almost the acquires a peculiar flavor that pleases grey-haired governess is his 'Paca.'" might be either the artless statement and, in pursuing the thread of his investigations, abandoned them all, and came to the first outside green thing that this the majority of consumers, although of a truthful child, or the well-concocted the worthy functionary, resolution to do nothing but await northern latitude produces. To our many persons do not like it, owning tale of a practised deceiver, trading doubtless, found his cursosity awakened Let Them Turr-emble. the course of events. IP mind this is enhanced by piucking' to an under-ground fear upon infancy and apparent innocence. by the singular facts necessarily TO BE CONTINUED. them one's self, all as it were in a state Willie, said the visitor, what is your of its unwholesomeness. This ripening They were more accustomed to deal elicited. How the ring came into her of nature's providing.—Prairie Farmer. ambition? with the latter possibility, and it can process makes cheese more digestible T' possession—how the stranger could scarcely be set down to the blame of possibly be supposed to have a claim and nutritious. The curing I'd like, said the boy, putting down DIFFERENT DRINKS. men so placed that they involuntarily on it—why she had disguised her real (refining the French call it) develops his yellow covered story of the plains, Diphtheria and Roup. adopt the worst aspect of human dispositions. name, and had adopted that of her fat in the cheese. A well-cured skim to have people tremble like leaves at Some Pointers About What to first husband, were certainly needful milk cheese contains more digestible It has been suggested, says Farm the mere mention of my name.—Harper's Drink. The half-crown had been given her— to the establishing her innocence and and Fireside, that if diphtheria and nutriment than a fresh whole milk Young People. He was a pleasant-looking man and so the child's story went—by an old the consistency of her story, which, of roup are the same, and if roup can be cheese. There is nothing unwholesome gentleman who came to see her mothoneavening, the bartender hardly took him for a course, tallied in every respect with communicated to the human family as about it. The ferments by which to ask her for the ring that her child had previously told. beat. He ordered whisky and poured diphtheria, some one should have authority cheese is mellowed or ripened are useful, yes, it was mother's ring—the old gentleman Perhaps the woman in her eagerness out one finger. Then he began to chat not injurious. Who would eat a to "stamp it out." Some took it away, though—mother to prove her child guiltless, went further French scientists, from experiments, hard green pear in preference to one before drinking. gave it to him, but she cried afterwards into antecedents than was necessary claim that the diseases are communicated mellowed by ripeness? And this ripeness she said it was his ring. No, "I never take- a large drink," he or it might be that the element from fowls to humans, and is due to ferments, able to he did not give mother any money, he of human curiosity still lurks somewhere, said. "It disagrees with me, but I PROMPTLY CURED BY vice versa, but the probability is that change the hard, indigestible tissue put that on the table for herself. even in the magisterial breast. am something of a student of human into sweet, buttery pulp. It some other form of throat disease Mother put it away, and said it was Cures Also: Certain it is that the talethus evolved nature. I have been all over the to be saved to buy her shoes, but that is much the same with the "refined" results. Roup in fowls often remains strange as it was, still bore so unmistakably Neuralgia for months, while diphtheria in children morning there was no other money in the stamp of truth— world, but America, after all, is the ripe cheeses made by French diirymen, the house, and mother was so ill. is immediately fatal. Whether Lumbago, thereby the more strange, and some of which sell here at 50 most interesting. How much do you Here the poor child's lips trembled, the more strange the less likely to be the roup changes to diphtheria when cents to §1 a pound. This suggests Sciatica, allow for a drink here?'' and she gave a sob but she did not fabricated in consistency—that the a diseased bird comes in contact with opportunity for home gains by diversity The barkeeper said about half an cry—she was too frightened for that, magistrate, at its close, not only entirely of products. Two Wisconsin girls a human or not we cannot state, but Sprains, ordinary glass was all they allowed for and it was as well the magistrate was absolved the child and mother the suggestion to "stamp it out" is a recently went to France to study the ten cents. Most men did not take so P«r4 Bruises, hardened by the continual dropping from any complicity or knowledge of good one, and should be followed. cheese business. Strange that no man much. If any took more they were l' of water in that box. Tears had no the guilt ascribed, but paid a high Hence, use the axe and choppingblock charged accordingly. had enterprise to do this years ago. influence, or rather a prejudicial one, compliment to the truthfulness of the "Ha, ha! Very interesting," said for roup. It is advisable to be Women led the way infinebutter making, with him. latter, and expressed his sypmathy Wounds, the stranger. Now do you know that and will doubtless lead the way in at least very careful. Ida went on to say that she had with her troubles, which he more it is an ethnological study, or rather fine cheese making. Swellings, prevailed «n her mother to let her tangibly demonstrated to the little a problem in economics, to see how Farm Hints. 8 take the half-crown and get some bread girl in a present, which it did not Soreness, I much various cities give for a drink. Don't Forget the Compost Heap. for their breakfast, though not till escape him she regarded with a half In pruning all large wounds should This, I have found out is a Boston Many farmers manufacture hundreds lier mother had endeavored to dress fearful gratitude, causing him to be covered with white lead and oil. Frost-bites, drink. This," and he added one more herself to go, but had failed in the attempt, of loads of the best manure in smile, and assure, her that "she need Stiffness, finger, "is a New York drink this," Buckwheat is a good crop to grow in through weakness. not fear, those half-crowns would not this way. They gather together on adding another," is a Philadelphia the orchard to help build up fertility. Then came the questioii since the All Aches. get her into trouble." drink I suppose, but I do not see how the premises forest leaves, cornstalks, Corn meal is now the dearest food. another had been so averse to letting As he thus dismissed mother and a man can drink so much at once. including the roots, weeds, vines, offal !her child out alone, why had she gone child, the magistrate turned to a It does nos contain but one-third as This," adding enough to make four THE to make her purchase at a shop, some keen-eyed but quiet official, who had and fence corners, muck from ponds much fertility as linseed meal, and fingers, "is a Chicago drink and this," Chaa. A. Vogalar Co, Shalf mile away from where she lived, listened with uninterrupted attention and ditches, occasional sprinkling of one-half as much as wheat bran. filling the glass to the brim, "is a ^instead of getting what she wanted in to the evidence of the woman, and a Louisville drink, Horrible drinkers lime through the mass, layers ofbarnyard -the next street, as she might ave Professor Farlow, of Harvard university, brief private conference ensued. those Kentuckians. Never saw such manure, and thus build up oblong done? has discovered that simply "It's Jemmy Lowtherfor a hundred FFVFRCURE0 0 terrible drunkards. I was in Louisville I I I STAY CURED. The answer was one that to have your worship, and rib mistake! I had squares and let remain over winter. painting black-knot in plums, with a A I I l»I I We want the name and adU.S<p></p>/ISTHBIA"f5^lM.9.,BBf»l,1th-,e'*nirAddress.^^^^suffere0yCanadaeverdoan.dressF.HanUHa7u once, and a perfect gentleman, a %iisinte£preted must have needed a my own opinion from the" first about mixture of red oxide of iron linseed The mass has gone through fermentation colonel and editor of a paper, came in, & harder heaft than that pfevefiaClerkenwell the little bit'of sfcuffr'V»iid"$he man oil, has not only prevented the spread filled a glass up like this, and swallowedit and comminution and presents police officer. v^£t§^k eyed the base coin, which had somehow of the contagion, but has stopped the at one gulp." This the stranger a mound of fertilizing matter |#, She knew, she said, that nef mother found its way into his hands did, and before the astonished barkeeper growth of the diseased parts, so that iiiked a particular sort of little loaf, "It looks like one of his jobs, from end better than a small gold mine would could say a word be walked the knots have crumbled and fallen which, tc say truth, Tom had brought to endofthewholetransaction.though be to the proprietor of thefarm. But out without paying a cent.—BhiL In|^uirei^ away with the least possible injury to tto Gpswell-road sometimes, and the the chances are he^lid not go to pass •******. I we want to see these compost heaps the tree.