self-reign granted of first has Cuba’s Roosevelt pardon President year was a THE BALKAN PENINSULA. TOAST. GIVES LIPTON A tribune. Cosby, F. the amounting D. and Baranets George to revenues one, prosperous Ala., holding of $9,729,440, and the expenditures to convicted Montgomery, at Incident President Roosevelt Clone* action $8,102,567, leaving surplus in the The in was a peonage. negroes Dinner of (he ut Seananluika W. G. KINGSFORD. Bt Judge $1,626,873. of of recommendation treasury taken on Yacht (Tub. During typhoon the steamer prisoners. On- sentenced Jones, who the a MAZEPPA. Ling-Wo capsized off Kwang-Chau- damage frosts inflicted great Heavy on Oyster Bay, L. 1., Sept. 19. west. Wan, China, and 100 perished. of the ripening the persons corn crop President Roosevelt the o£ guest was WEEK’S RECORD A The Mrs. military occupation of Paine; her daughter, Macedonia H. H. Mrs. honor Friday night the at annual dinner by Russia 13-year-old daughter, and Austria is thought her be Williams, and to of the Seawanhaka-Corinthian yacht farm the only expedient sufficient their home murdered in to preevnt on a were club at its handsome and spacious between Turkey Hudson, Neb., by and Bulgaria. unknown. war one some near home Center Island, in Oyster on Bay. The British ministry disrupted by was While identified prominently many men Seven Past of the News All the Clarke the resignations Lewis and of Joseph Chamberlain, of the directors The with yachting in the east were of for Portland, Ore., secretary state the colonies; be held in exposition to Condensed. and the Days present dinner handsome was a Charles T. Ritchie, $380,000 for chancellor of appropriated the in 1905, have exchequer, and delightful affair, function as a and Lord George Hamilton, buildings. secretary it elaborate not dinner was the so as for India. of guilty C. Mills found Harold ITEMS FOREIGN was committee HOME AND originally had An electric the at rate of 106 five sentenced Chicago and to car ran bigamy in The president about 8 o’clock escorted 4-5 miles houron the Zossen military wives His three per imprisonment. years’ by Lieut. Charles F. Preston, commander road in Germany, said be the to highest sentenced. Persona! when he Field, present Industrial News of the was of were the naval yacht Sylph, and speed attained. ever schedule of the failed brokerage The Midshipman Harlner entered launch, Happenings and Political Items, a Joseph has Emperor Francis issued & Co. filed in a firm of Talbot J. Taylor at J. West Roosevelt pier proceeded and Abroad. and Home at positive order against the of the use $8,713,476 York shows liabilities of New to the yacht club house the across Hungarian language in the army. and of $7,410,065. assets bay. He met the club at landing was from Sofia the Reports Turks have say Lake New for warning storm towers by Chairman Colgate Hoyt, of the ORLD THE W THE ALL NEWS FROM the of destroyed Kastoria, town near Michigan weather to be built by the board of are trustees, and other officials o£ Monastir, and massacred the entire population Mich., bureau Chicago, Frankfort, at the club, and escorted the club to of 10,000. DOMESTIC. Manitou and Island. house. His entrance elicited on applause 50 designated Secretary Shaw has national For the second time in the history of and cheers. LATER. of the banks in various parts Russell Sherim, highly the lumber mills of Minneapolis connected, Immediately after some the arrival of the funds public depositories of country called door of them of the of his had shut down because mother’s president, as to to the who numbered was guests, deposited $4,000,000 and has ordered home and shot death high water. to by Calvin about 100, down dinner. It sat to was was THE CONFLICT ETCH ILLUSTRATE OF RACES MAP TO AND CREEDS. with them. and Thomas White, Fears prominent business of damage in to by frost informal affair, various the corn an courses Frank safe of Burglars opened the of Concord, the N. C. northern belt by being lessened interspersed with by glee men were reports songs Bailey, FROST INJURES division of SLAIN. Caro THOUSANDS CROPS. the engineer of rising on clubs, temperatures and clearing Land Commissioner Richards in which stated nearly all the guests and secured the Michigan Central road, weather, joined. and the situation improved. that it will be Vice William J. several months Commodore before yet was $3,800 in currency. Secretary Matheson, of Agriculture Wilson and of the 768,800 of land in the Dlicnnragiug Report* Are Received the Seawanhaka Yacht acres Bui- Another of liolexale Ma*.*aere struck carriage A train a club, passenger experts from his Chippewa department explained In the ceremonies. reservation in Minnesota from Various of State* master was Turkish Karlann by Troops Kate Frank Milner and Miss Containing the benefits In graceful of irrigation to the would introduced be opened for speech he settlement. the NVe«t. congress a Reported. la Ind., killing Bilby Terre Taute, in President near session Roosevelt, Ogden, Utah. received at who After fatally wounding Chief of Police was both. Chicago, Sept. 17. —Heavy frosts inflicted Christy, Ed with who convicted of great applause, a]] the guests was murder, Fred Henke and Police Captain Sofia, Sept. —Courier dispatches 15. Y., N. Clarence Egnor, of Buffalo, much ripening damage the was standing. committed The suicide jail president in the county on spoke in part Brennecke and seriously injuring Councilman received here by the Autonomye the chair at put the electric death in say of the Tuesday night, to west follows: Wellington, corn at Kan., by himself. crop hanging as Frank Lutz, Detective Thomat Albanians, Archibald acting under direct orders Auburn of for the murder and continuation of unseasonable the “During The interior a the department past all have Hutchens summer announces of Evansville, Ind., turned from the sultan, have been Auburn prison. engaged in Benedict, keeper in weather Wednesday the night added a to been that 763,800 deeply interested a of in the land in Minnesota, international acres his himself revolver and committed on general of the half Bulgarians in The situation in the northern total of already massacre the damage, which yacht formerly of It 18 part the Chippewa was races. a suicide. was years reservation, The shooting the result was districts of Okrida and Leren. One if rd critical and the belt believed be Reports report to large. general corn was first of be when the the will opened for settlement. single-stickers ago of old feud. an that 60,000 been have district heavy frost reaches the from says the persons the important in centers begin that which Organized labor to duel threatens great to came oppose Fire destroyed all but the walls of slaughtered in the district Leren of will loss in the it next ten days belt midnight showed at cause a has been feature of President corn variety yachting interests Roosevelt’s future a political if a the extensive slaughter house of Abraham alone, which Other is purely Bulgarian. of $200,000,000 farmers. had to of conditions. places Many during all these It he is not does from not recede his years. Levy & in Y. Co. Brooklyn, N. affirm that the Turks have reports section of invasion feud An of the killing frosts, and destruction to great wise boast when tion to to reinstate Foreman W. A. Miller put we our armor The loss is SIOO,OOo. burned the Christian in three quarters Kentucky has by the Salvation the ripening believed of army in rather when it off. is the was put It printing ears corn government office. on, we Three hundred Bulgarians have been Florina, Okrida and Resen. According towns, been small band inaugurated by clouds to be inevitable. In others on fact that overcast curious only has a A counterfeit $lO not People’s note the a our on killed in fight between insurgents a information brought by to foot. a winds the sky, rain fell, and south boat the championships, but National bank of Roxbury, Mass., and won every a and Turkish between Okrida troops courier to the revolutionary Autonomye, The of Belden Avenue paper congregation the warded off the farms. the danger to series. of of the We debt five dollar note the Waltham National race owe a on and Dibra. Bulgarian dead included The force of Albanians, Baptist assisted celebrated a Chicago church in great Although Nebraska been had gratitude to the designers the bank of a Waltham, Mass., have been captains officers, of whom Turkish by many regular forces acting under one debt with the raising of the church freeze, sufferer from Tuesday night’s a the who contributed and discovered. seamen Russian decoration. orders direct from wore a the Yildiz Kiosk, banquet jubilee service. and all conditions changed the better for of the winning the by the a to Further tell of reports disasters races new A dispatch from Belgrade that massacred the entire states Bulgarian Christian The states fell in western Wednesday evening. Rain American boats. crops are over many In the storm that New York swept and the of the assination of King population report of the Okrida and Leren reported ruined by rain, frost and adjoining the of the territory, greater part going snow, "Now, I to ask to the Atlantic am you coast and place the number of districts. Peter Servia without foundation Fearful is descriptions given are and the losses figured in the already thought the greatest and it drink of all the health gallant are to of the was dead 67 our at and missing at of the sights there, the soldiers The dead bod}’ of Carl McCoy, seen millions. section. an that danger in of the last 18 and opponents 74. was over years, slaughtering and children epileptic patient the farm, at county men, women threatening Frances V. Benque, who sent Lincoln, however, showed temperature especially the health of Sir Thomas to a President Roosevelt delivered address an in direction, displaying barbarism Bloomington, 111., found every at outstretched a letters been Hay, has was Secretary of 34 and the to degrees was Lipton, whom had hoped have mercury to at the dedication we of New’ Jersey’s before witnessed. of never rude construction. to insane in New York. on a cross the lowlands tent asylum falling. Heavy damage to-night.’’ with an on soldier us monument Antietam battlefield on Sofia, Sept. 16.—The revolutionary and At Noblesville, William Howe certainty Ind., regarded of Sir Thomas Lipton’s At this mention was a as Sharpsburg, at Md., and urged the headquarters have received of C. O. Slater found dead news Olean, a at Ehot of cent. and killed divorced wife his the placed 25 the total loss and was at the guests per cultivation was name rose of honesty and courage, terrible situation Losengrad. at The N. Y. The body in sitting needed and then killed himself. Jealousy The of the enthusiastically, greater cheered and was a posture part the toast son crop common sense. whole district filled is with Turkish and and the is of the opinion the days coroner at least to drunk with equal spirit mature. s»as ten cause. was Albanian troops and Bashi-Bazouks. that Slater choked to death by to At Centerville, William Williams, done Mies., That damage has been spoke briefly. was great Commodore Bourne a PERSONAL AND POLITICAL. Twelve villages burned have been arid high which collar he wearing. the in from main Nebraska is unfortunate that lynched the was apparent He said it when a corn negro, was on was James E. Furlong, of Providence, has 100 families been have massacred. over for The yacht Red Dragon wrecked investigations Railroad Lipion about leave street shooting Germany. reports. Sir Thomas James resulted to was w’as been nominated by the socialists for Many of the and girls captured women The in the Atlantic City, N. J. the indications national irrigation storm in optimistic predictions, with only pleasant this met country memories, near congress of Rhode Island. have been to various harems. governor sent The bodies of Dewitt and Ogden, Capt. Clark trunk lines defeat, should be at Utah, along the his he to discuss plans for great at redeeming even C. Sam Nichols, aged 60 who About 100 widows orphans have years, and arrived sailor washed ashore. Three being of Nebraska Chicago. that outside millions the damage confined sick bed in of io of western a were a acres had founded in Kansas, the frontier of Tekendge at village numerous papers other sailors missing. of the dinner has before close arid lands. been great Just the not was as are so Missouri, Colorado from and Wyoming Losengrad. A telegram from Burgas Thomas Lipton Excessive first reported. sent to Sir moisture retards the at Harvey Logan, commonly known message was a maturity as since close of of the the civil authorities of the died in the town war, says of northern In expressing the disappointment Minnesota, of western in Mississippi and Kid the noted the Curry, train robber who crops Salt Lake City. Losengrad the Bulgarian have ordered lowa, North Dakota, members his illness and Dakota, South the club Missouri at valleys effected regret and lake region. recently sensational a escape Greek James families be from the Kerr Kelly, removed aged 84 to formerly years, informinghim Nebraska Washington his absence, and and Wyoming, at At San Antonio, from Knoxville, Tex., Schulz’s Palm the Tenn., jail while fear districts. The decree great United States senator from Oregon, causes of Roosevelt dispatches danger, that President had is not out garden, for proposed awaiting transportation federal than 25 noted say, corn to more years a a All the Bulgarian the Bulgarians. died his at residence in Washington. among and expressed best be Kansas his health and losses will heavy. for resort tourists, burned, the loss prison twenty-year sentence, to was serve a the jail at prisoners in town speedy is where the for his said be the only wishes to state being recovery. 1250,000. has bqen located Chinook, Mont. near Losengrad Mussulman been killed by Maryland have democrats have nominated when President make 11 o’clock advanced almost is sufficiently to It The annual was report of the commissioner corn Nine injured in passengers were a the prison Edwin prisoners, aided by Warfield, of Howard county, for by escorted Roosevelt frost harmless. members was of patents shows of total 29,293 railway collision Caawfordsville. IIL at a guards. and the platform declares governor, launch and estimate club his to Experts hesitate place of the to any patents and 2,194 trade-marks issued While President Palma delivering was “that the political destinies of Maryland Sofia, foreign Bulgaria, 18. —The Sept. bay. they the but his journey of the total damage, started across during the on year. address Santiago, at Cuba, an a should be shaped and controlled office here has reliable information received given effect landing he be The he left the that it will large. As Benjamin agree J. Ogden, and leading hands mayor rifle in the of of the guards one by the white people of the state.” that the Turks have destroyed the be will not three hearty cheers. of the freeze the on corn lawyer of Keyport, N. J., disappeared, has accidentally discharged, causing was Congressman a Vincent Boreing, of th® of of Kastoria, south Monastir, town 36 miles there perceptible for few days, but a leaving debts of SIOO,OOO, Order panic. restored. was soon Eleventh Kentucky district, the only and have massacred the population. KILLED HIMSELF. the will reach is hope that it not apparent Fire in Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., destroyed It is said that John D. Rockefeller republican in the Kentucky delegation, total. nine business houses, entailing has decided fewer than fifteen to erect died at his home in London, aged 64. no The at Kastoria report of massacre Suicide of the a the 111-Healtli Prompt* loss of $500,000. a UNVEILED. MONUMENT office buildings large and business Republicans in state convention in from of little admitting comes President of Bunk sources a Rear Admiral O'Neill, chief of ordnance, blocks in down-town district the of Baltimore, Md.. nominated Stevenson A. doubt, though details lacking. the lowa. are in will anti ask for $18,000,000 Attends for President Roosevelt ordnance Cleveland. 0., aggregating at eost Williams, of Belair, for and a governor, It received with the gravest was concern in the Dedication of Memorial for Talks the fiscal at next navy a than $30,000,000. indorsed the administration of President more Sept. 19. —Edward W. Harlan, la., by officials here. The population Field of Antietam. year. on Roosevelt. unsuccessful An attempt made of Shelby president the was Davis, county of Kastoria numbers about 10,000 persons Fort Yates, N. D., has been abandoned The Pennsylvania hold Northern Fourth district Pacific train to Sharpsburg, Sept. 18.—Under lowering Md., republicans a committed suicide Thursday up bank, and the number of such massacre a military as post and the have a troops have nominated Reuben Napavine, Wash. The O. brakemen skies the magnificent monument shooting. His body near by in place, night if the be was report true, one exceeds been transferred to Fort Lincoln N. D. Moon, prominent exchanged Philadelphia and robbers several shots. lawyer, the historic battlefield of erected a Friday in the furnace found early anything which occurred on has yet Frost holds off and the of corn crop to the succeed late Congressman of Antietam by the grateful state New During carnival performance Davis street the bank building. of in Macedonia. critical was At the a present room the west gets respite. Two weeks of a Foerderer. its who fell in the Jersey great Louis, 111., to of East St. lion member the lowa legislature at men moment, when popular feeling is intense, a an angry once weather warm yet required. are Massachusetts prohibitionists have dedicated Thursday. its engagement, keeper and Pottawattomie and his from county, was the tore effect of of such was the sprang upon report A dispatch from Dawson the says nominated D. Oliver Cobb, occasion rendered particularly of East The of hand off. prominent citizen. He disposed right was stupendous slaughter be a most serious. may Klondike’s of output gold will be $lO,- Hampton, for notable by the and participation at Wednesday, but his bank stock governor. presence of Daniel Weston most The burned steamer 000,000 this year. in the ceremonies of the president affairs said be in financial his to river, Brunswick, Johns New are St. Sofia, Bulgaria, 19. Sept —Further causing reports A twentieth century crusade against of the United States of Gov. Murphy, and 80 old,, condition. He good FOREIGN. total A waitress, was years loss. deck hand from Kastoria the city is say their ancient the Turk, Is being enemy, chief the executive of the which state daughters. Advices from widow and and leaves two Sofia report another drowned. and boy a burning and the that of its were a massacre planned by knights templars In Chicago. honoring its heroes. prompted: thought health is have wholesale by Turks, was 11l to 60,000 massacre population persons, W. P. Gamble, the United (estimated to have numbered States deputy The is in the form of monument Christian deed. the entire the population an of 10,000 persons) marshall, who confessed indescribably complicity terrible. was Robbers entered the Farmers’ bank Corinthian column of granite, ornate the Akrlda and Leren districts, being The Turks slaughtered in plot substitute old Chinese indiscrim-, to a at Rhodes, Kindly Received. la., and secured SI,OOO. 40 feet high, by heroic surmounted figure slain. a inately Bulgarians Chinese, Greeks, for who had been and men young Ky., 19. —Col Richard or Sept. Following Jackson, five weeks’ strike the a in bronze of with officer upraised The British cabinet divided Mr. an on deported, committed and children. dered suicide in command of perhaps the first National Holz, Tube of in Pittsburg, company, leading sword his in charge. The Chamberlain’s fiscal proposals and men a Vista Park, Francisco, Buena San by A fight has occurred Ulavitza, at severe cavalry the Salvation Army Pa., will work m country, with resume nonunion figure is intended representation of partial reorganization declared as a was possible. into sending bullets his brain. two in the mountains of Kratova, between Friday for Magoffin left here men. Capt. Irish, of the Thirteenth New Jersey 2,000 Turks overpowered the and 80 insurgents. sheriff Negroes mountaineers at feel kindly The Steamship county. companies in New Orleans volunteers, New who the only Bulgaria has appealed to the to was powers The insurgents used bombs with deadly Ark., took Salvationists, and Luxora, out named toward the listened have locked a negro out all union Jersey officer killed Antietam. After men at the devastation of prevent the country About 100 effect. Turks hanged him reported marked and with Hellem, them attention. to water because are to longshoremen a broke their the assemblage had been called order to by Turkey, plainly stating that unless been killed have charged and reconnoiter Hellem with to Col. Holz expects to tank. were attacking many agreement. was by James O. Jersey Smith, of the New the atrocities stopped the nation will are wounded. The insurgents had if and girls aged two prospects and his party, 5 with two 10 men Gen. are Baldwin, negro of the department of monument commission, and invocation be forced to adopt defensive an stern measures. wounded. establish inviting, will sufficiently the Colorado, a in his annual years. report been by Dr. had Rev. pronounced the location in mountains. London, Sept. permanent of probably 18.—The A mob and proposal that the 1,000 reestablishment urges of the men Fraser, of Newark, Mr. Smith reported armycanteen. Great Britain and Japan have decided the mountain “I find people said: sympathizers the striking Austria and Russia He of Macedonia boy texworkers, occupy Gov. Murphy of to the final work the to China protest to against acceding to misrepresented in greatly received been dye attacked the works here in time be submitted have of Six masked to robbed was the bank at commission. On behalf of the of men state Russia’s demands in Manchuria. morals.” and intelligence of K. Edward in the the cabinet point northern to its Douglass, William at recent meeting. Okla., of $5,077. New Jersey the Gov. Murphy accepted Samuel A. McAllister, United States is of Philadelphia. The It understood that President section crowd the reply of Roosevelt has decided in to monument short address. Cliicajco. Invited to consul at Barbados, West a Indies, died Britain finally dispersed. Great states that she is willing recommend the transfer of the first 19.—The notable was behalf Sept. In accepting the Chicago, monument his government at He appointed post. from on was this should be done, provided the other printing the office Swift, of Chicago the Nathan to jurisdiction Hon. of by Right Joseph the nation President Roosevelt son struck address Delaware public in 1897. and that Britain of the Great is department killed packer, of by being powers agree, his resignation meat following parallel and drew lesson between Chamberlain and commerce was Premier Balfour a as has issued a pamphlet a labor. ready to assent proposition looking to the head by polo struck ball while be given any who fought British cabinet heroes for the the union the a may on from in which he Great Britain must says to settlement of situation A the great present between a Mr. Chamberlain contest playing the character, of to-day who international capital the unselfishly and and modify game. her free men trade policy in order to an labor in European is Turkey threatened consonant Chicago national civic deliver the for and rectitude. to to has struggle coming result Beaupre abandoned of Minister as compete with other countries. a with the views of strike the concerned. of United mates boats the of the of the ratification powers guest Pittsburg of the of the Panama views on Bulgaria hope his has as called three divisions of of Ex-Senator. Death Steamship Sept. Paris, 18.—The officials of the Washington, Sept. 16. —James Kerr invitation him do big An to and the to company, lake He cables fleets department States. canal treaty. state so duty to to protect the frontier, reserves likely office foreign to be Italy has formerly United States the department tied approved the forwarded through are Kelly, senator under date of Bogota. say been and Sept. has there up. reports that the mobilization were The Austro-Russian Atlantic regarding died his residence from the note intervention from Oregon, at here Washington of state at coast situation is swept by unchanged. terrific that the of her was whole The 18, a army was near. storm in Macedonia 84 He aged Manufacturers’ A and the and add that Tuesday, association. damage Illinois hopeless and years. Manhattan Turks Discussion the was a destroyed native on monasteries and seems congress murdered island will doubtless Pennsylvania. Judge Kelly of the estimated make similar being eagerly awaited $2,000,000. France is to reply was at will probably adjourn Oct. was President representations all the 20. monks. having California and Sofia forty-niner, Mrs. and Constantinople. to which forwarded Roosevelt at cable gone and party Two a message was Porto Rican laborers on were sentenced the of gold in yacht discovery that Sylph the country. had Friday. thrilling on experience, MARKETS. TWIN CITY a at San Juan to in terms prison passing through terrifying for wind Insult a to the United States flag. Official Diam Land lamed. Daningfs. AnKCKMcd Heavy Attained Great Speed. Minneapolis, Sept. 19. and rain storm, during which the vessel Berlin, Sept. 18.—An Oral electric Sept. 19.—The jury in 17. —Commissioner Francisco. Sept. argument begun Washington, before the San car ran was Wheat—No. northern, No. 1 83c; 2 in imminent was danger. Subsequently Alaskan of 106 boundary 4-5 miles of of Marriott rate hour the suit Frederick the Richards, general land office, has commission in London. at the damage per on Dee. Oats—No. northern, 82c; 78 c. the president visited the immigration military Zossen road Wednesday, W. E. Murphy, chief H. Williams, Jr., the the dismissed clerk Thomas of against —No. Corn Rye white, 27’„c. 3,51 c. 3 station Ellis island on and made thorough be the highest The speed of the brought in said general racing a have to attained. office for millionaire again Bulgaria the advised powers ever surveyor a man, Barley—No. —No. 2, 52 >4 2,56 e. c. inspection of the institution. The engineers in charge of of irregularities $16,780 in favor of Marriott, the account to refrain from Arizona, in verdict for engaging in on war Creamery, Butter —#1.05. Flax Gov. extras, Durbin, of Indiana, in address with experiments that 125 miles administration of that office. several months by Williams Turkey, expect shot an He in the the who of event ago as per was conflict a firsts, 17@18c; 16@17c; creamery, at Atlantic City, N. J., gives warning will be from of reached. suspended office August Beale. 22, Truxton Beaife a aid hour and and need be from foreign expected was no was Poultry—Turkeys, fancy, dairy, 15@16c. danger “in pessimistic and unpatriotic dismissal is made take effect to then. cleared. quarters. his chickens, Hay- Proctor 7@Ba B@9e; Senator Arrested. talk of demagogues,” which, he said, The Philippine commission has decided N. H., Sept. 18. —Fish Newport, and 88.50. /. Upland, fancy, Reciprocity. Oppoaea created the mob spirit. Bankruptcy. Into Goes —The' that insular supplies imported Commissioners Ont., Sept. 19. Canadian Wentworth Toronto, and Game The Ellison St. Paul, Sept. bank 19. 17.—Weigel La Pa., Sept. at Grange, Pittsburg, & Ind., from the United States Manufactures’ duty. have caused the of Senator association Clarke arrest must pay emphasized and branch 83.35(34.00; Cattle—Steers, c0w5,82.75 a at Topeka, builders-of Roscoe. closed Pa., filed boa' their Co., A dispatch from of Vermont, a Morocco that Redfield Proctor, for shooting its expression in condemnation says doors. H0g5—44.90'35.43.. The Sheep— total deposits @3.35. bankruptcy late in Wednesday petition estimated were Ben Jussi, of The commanding imperial out accomplish senator of attempt to raccoon season. any a reciprocity $150,000, at lambs. 80,00, 85.00; muttons, of the $107,460 and depositors liabilities $89,- many assets at being at guilty, by of tie and 600 pleaded ignorance United troops, of his killed agreement with reason men were people. poor 700. $17.50. in and fined law. cf the with insurgents. States engagement was an